“否定式比较级”的反转肯定

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  否定的比较级,最基础的模式是将less加在原形形容词前,不管这个形容词是几个音节,比如cute的否定比较级就是less cute,happy的否定比较级也就是less happy。这个很简单,但当否定式比较级以no或者not等词来组合时,情况则大不同。比如下面这样一组经典比较,我们在后面根据意义接近的原则,列出了与其意义基本上相同的熟悉词来帮助理解短语的含义:①I have no more than $10,000. =only;②I have no less than $10,000. = as much as;③I have not more than $10,000. = at most;④I have not less than $10,000. = at least.
  ①句的意思偏向于强调少,即很可能是没有10000美元,而②句则强调多,绝对有10000美元,③④则可以看做是一般比较级的否定。等意词的使用,使几个容易混淆的“否定式比较级”反转变肯定。
  由上面经典组稍作引申,我们以big为例来讲解如何对“否定式比较级”作反转肯定。A is no bigger than B,在这一句中,意思可以解读为A和B都很小,也就是A is as small as B。 而在A is not bigger than B中,意思则需解读成A和B都大,只是A不比B大,最多一样大。而用less来组合,A is no less big than B解读成A和B一样大,A is not less big than B解读成A和B一样大,A大,不比B小。由此,我们可以得出“否定式比较级”的一组反转肯定公式:
  1. A is no+形容词比较级+than B =A is as反义形容词as B;
  2. A is not+形容词比较级+than B=A is as形容词 as B or less;
  3. A is no+ less +形容词+than B=A is as形容词 as B ;
  4. A is not+ less +形容词+than B=A is as形容词 as B or more。
  这样,如果你遇到no more unhappy than,你就立即知道是“和……一样高兴”的意思,同理,no less unhappy than则是“和……一样不高兴”的意思。我们来看例题:
  1. He is very clever. And he is that girl.
  A. no more than B. not more than
  C. no less than D. not less than
  2. He doesn’t want to stay at home go to the movie theatre.
  A. more than B. much less than
  C. any more than D. no less than
  3. You are careful than your brother. You two can’t do the work that needs care and skill.
  A. not more B. no more C. not less D. no less
  上述三题中,第一题答案对应4号公式选D,他很聪明,不比那个女孩差。第二题稍有冲击,但你要知道no就等于not any,因此C选项就相当于no more than,对应1号公式,将not any more than暂时剥离出来,这样看句子就是肯定式,然后对应公式得出应该是想去的反面,即不想去,符合句意:他既不想待在家里也不想去电影院。第三题的后半句暗示两个人都不细心,但题干却有细心这个词,故应取反义,这样只有1号公式有反义,故答案选B。
  此外还有一种反转肯定,存在于由never,nobody等构成的“否定式比较级”以及“can’t /couldn’t +比较级”的结构中,这两种可以反转成相当于最高级的肯定含义。例如:
  I’ve never seen a nicer bird than this one.=This bird is the nicest one I have ever seen.
  Nobody is more diligent than Bill is.=Bill is the most diligent person.
  The food in that restaurant couldn’t taste worse. = The food in that restaurant tastes the worst.
  I can’t agree with you more. = I agree with you most.
  I couldn’t care more. =I care most.
  I couldn’t care less. = I care least.
  请看例题:
  4.—How did you feel when Li Na won the runner-up of Australian Open?
  —I couldn’t be_____.
  A. much excited B. more excited
  C. most excited D. less excited
  5. —What do you think of his singing?   —Oh,no one does _____.
  A. better B. well C. good D. best
  上述两题,答案分别选择B和A,这种反转最高级比较简单。
  最后补充一下much less,still less引导的词组或从句,它表示一种追加的否定。less是由little的否定意义而来,故这两个词组只能用于否定句中,意为“更不用说、更不必说”。请看例题:
  6. He is not used to speaking to a stranger, to a large audience.
  A. much less B. much more
  C. no less than D. still more
  此题关键在于了解much less的含义,答案选A,他不习惯和陌生人说话,更不用说对着这么一大群人了。
  “否定式比较级”的反转肯定,以第一组的四个公式最烦,但只要花点时间仔细体会,使其深入脑海,其实也是小菜一碟。
  1. He knows little of mathematics,and of chemistry.
  A. even more B. still less
  C. no less D. still more
  2. I’m glad to say that he’s already finished 50% of the book in these three days.
  A.no less than B.no more than
  C.no more than D. much less than
  3. It’s unwise of you to consider the wound as a small cut. Look! It has caused infection.
  A. no less than B. less than
  C. more than D. no more than
  4. She cannot buy daily necessities, luxuries.
  A.no less than B. many more
  C. much less D. less than
  5. I dislike eating popcorn. There is nothing .
  A. better B. worse C. best D. worst
  6. Fat can’t change into muscle muscle changes into fat.
  A. any more than B.no more than
  C. no less than D. much more than
  7. There is no reason they should limit how much vitamin you take they can limit how much water you can drink.
  A. much more than B. no more than
  C. no less than D. any more than
  8. John is hardworking than his sister,but he failed in the exam.
  A. no less B. no more
  C. not less D. no so
  9. I don’t like the idea,so I am enthusiastic about the idea.
  A. no more than B. not more than
  C. less than D. more than
  10. The small town is a small town. It is a place where many tourists like to stay.
  A. no more than B. more than
  C. no less than D. no less than
  11. 21st Century School Edition is a newspaper. It helps us to improve our English a lot.
  A. no less than B. no more than
  C. more than D. less than
  12. What a wonder! They’ve finished 30% of the task within one week.
  A. no more than B. no less than
  C. not more than D. much less than
  13. In common with other young people,I like dogs. They mean a kind of pet to their masters.
  A. less than B. more than
  C. no more than D. not more than
  14. We are glad to hear the good news.
  A. no more than B. more than
  C. not more than D. less than
  15. Overpopulation poses a terrible threat to the human race. Yet it is probably a threat to the human race than environmental destruction.
  A. no more B. much more
  C. even more D. not more
  参考答案:1—15 BADCB ADACB CBBBD
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