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目的探讨2008年初低温雨雪冰冻灾害对灾区居民健康的影响。方法以统一的调查问卷和访谈提纲,于2008年2月底,在贵州省铜仁地区万山特区及铜仁市,对灾期居民健康、相关医疗服务及居民日常生活情况进行横断面调查。结果与2007年同期比较,灾期25家医疗机构门诊总量上升近29%,其中因呼吸道疾病急性发作和其他机械性损伤就诊的人次数分别上升40%,11%;120机构接求救电话起数上升40%,其中因骨折和孕产期情况要求急救的人数分别上升66%,40%,但救护车出车率下降17%,无法救援率上升近5倍;出行受限,停电、停水的家庭比例分别为98%(391/400)和83%(330/400);75%(464/620)的受调查居民自述在灾期曾有过急躁情绪,出现失眠、食欲下降的比例分别为17%(106/620)及13%(78/620)。结论低温雨雪冰冻灾害期骨折患者就诊行为改变,医疗机构门诊量向两极流动,现场紧急救援率和无法救援率上升。
Objective To explore the effect of the freezing rain and snow disaster in early 2008 on the health of residents in disaster areas. Methods By means of a uniform questionnaire and interview outline, a cross-sectional survey of residents ’health, related medical services and residents’ daily life was conducted in Wanshan and Tongren districts of Tongren in Guizhou province at the end of February 2008. Results Compared with the same period of 2007, the total number of outpatients in 25 medical institutions increased nearly 29% in the disaster period, among which the number of people visiting the hospital for acute attacks of respiratory diseases and other mechanical injuries rose by 40% and 11% respectively; 120 institutions The number increased by 40%, of which the number of cases requiring first aid due to fractures and maternal conditions rose by 66% and 40% respectively, but the number of ambulances dropped by 17% and the rate of incapacity increased by nearly five times; the travel restrictions, power outages and stops (391/400) and 83% (330/400) respectively, while 75% (464/620) of the residents surveyed reported having impatience, insomnia and loss of appetite during the disaster 17% (106/620) and 13% (78/620) respectively. Conclusion The treatment change of patients with fractures in low temperature, rain and snow disaster period, the outpatient volume of medical institutions flowing to two poles, the emergency rescue rate and the incapacitation rate on the scene increased.