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糖尿病酮症酸中毒约占糖尿病住院病人的14%,死亡率在5～15%之间,以至50%,老年人可更高。病人出现高血糖、酸中毒与脱水。治疗上主要还是用胰岛素矫正高血糖,用液体矫正脱水。糖尿病酮症酸中毒体液丧失主要是由于渗透性利尿所致,还有呕吐、发热、换气过度。通常水份丧失5～10L,钠则丧失400～7O0mmol,钾250～700mmol。这样的体液相对低渗,大约一半来自细胞外液,一半来自细胞内液。由于体液大量丧失,使病人常出现循环性休克。虽然液体丧失出自不同来源,但病人的症状体征是由于低血容量所致。糖尿病酮症酸中毒治疗
Diabetic ketoacidosis accounts for about 14% of diabetic inpatients, with a mortality rate of 5% to 15%, and even 50% of elderly patients. Patients with high blood sugar, acidosis and dehydration. Treatment is mainly used to correct high blood sugar insulin, with liquid correction dehydration. Diabetes ketoacidosis fluid loss is mainly due to osmotic diuresis, as well as vomiting, fever, hyperventilation. Water loss is usually 5 ~ 10L, sodium is lost 400 ~ 7O0mmol, potassium 250 ~ 700mmol. This body fluid is relatively hypotonic, about half from extracellular fluid and half from intracellular fluid. Due to the loss of a large amount of fluid, patients often have circulatory shock. Although the fluid is lost from different sources, the patient’s symptoms and signs are due to hypovolemia. Diabetic ketoacidosis treatment