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土壤保持是生态系统提供的重要调节服务之一,在区域侵蚀控制以及生态安全的维持方面具有不可替代的作用。以全国主体生态功能区划中“两屏三带”的南方丘陵山地带为研究对象,在遥感和地理信息系统的支持下,以2000、2005和2010年3期生态系统类型数据为主要数据源,运用通用土壤流失方程(Universal Soil Loss Equation,USLE)分析了南方丘陵山地带生态系统土壤保持功能,并对其经济价值进行动态核算。结果表明:10a间,南方丘陵山地带土壤保持总量呈上升趋势,土壤保持总量上升了76.79×107t,森林、灌丛和农田生态系统是研究区土壤保持功能的主要贡献者,总贡献率3个年份分别为82.29%、82.59%和80.58%,不同生态系统土壤保持总量排序为森林>灌丛>农田>草地>湿地>人工表面>稀疏地,土壤保持能力排序为湿地>草地>灌丛>森林>农田>人工表面>稀疏地;10a间,研究区土壤保持功能总经济价值增加了270.34×108元,总经济价值中以保持土壤肥力价值为主;土壤保持功能经济价值的变化以轻微增加为主,其呈现增加的区域面积和价值增幅大于经济价值减少的区域面积和价值减幅。在对该区域生态系统进行保护的基础上,因地制宜地合理增加植被盖度对防治土壤侵蚀、保持土壤养分可以起到良好效果。
Soil conservation is one of the important regulation services provided by ecosystems and plays an irreplaceable role in the control of regional erosion and the maintenance of ecological security. Taking the southern hilly region in the “two screens and three belts” as the main ecological function zoning of the country as the research object, with the support of remote sensing and geographic information system, taking the types of ecosystem data in 2000, 2005 and 2010 as the main data The Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was used to analyze the soil conservation function of the ecological system in the hilly and mountainous areas of southern China. The economic value of the soil was calculated dynamically. The results showed that the total amount of soil conservation in the hilly and mountainous areas in the south tended to increase during the period of 10 years, and the total amount of soil conservation increased by 76.79 × 107t. The forest, shrub and farmland ecosystems were the major contributors to soil conservation in the study area, The three years were 82.29%, 82.59% and 80.58%, respectively. The total amount of soil conservation in different ecosystems ranked as follows: forest> shrub> farmland> grassland> wetland> artificial surface> sparsely, and the order of soil conservation was wetland> grassland> The total economic value of soil conservation in study area increased by 270.34 × 108 yuan in ten years between sparse and ten days. The main economical value was soil fertility conservation. The change of economic value of soil conservation function Slightly increased, showing an increase in area and value greater than the decrease in economic value of the area and value of the decrease. Based on the protection of the ecosystem in this area, it is very effective to increase the vegetation coverage reasonably to prevent soil erosion and maintain soil nutrients.