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在Gleeble-3500热模拟机上对21Cr-1.4Cu超纯铁素体不锈钢进行高温拉伸试验,研究加热温度对试验钢热脆敏感性的影响。采用扫描电子显微镜、激光共聚焦显微镜和能谱分析等方法对显微组织和化学成分进行了对比分析。结果表明,1300℃加热时,试验钢由于过烧产生了高温脆性。1150℃加热时,热脆敏感性最高,产生铜裂。1200~1250℃加热时,热脆敏感性较低,发生塑性变形。研究发现,加热温度为1150℃时,形成的氧化物开始呈液态,冷却后形成包裹状或共晶结构的硅酸盐细颗粒。这些脆性物质使晶界强度降低,结合松脆最后导致严重铜裂。
High-temperature tensile tests on 21Cr-1.4Cu ultrapure ferritic stainless steel were carried out on a Gleeble-3500 thermal simulator to study the effect of heating temperature on the hot-brittleness and susceptibility of the test steel. The microstructure and chemical composition were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, confocal laser scanning microscopy and energy spectrum analysis. The results show that, when heated at 1300 ℃, the test steel has high temperature brittleness due to over burning. When heated at 1150 ℃, hot brittleness is the highest, resulting in copper cracking. 1200 ~ 1250 ℃ heating, hot brittleness is low, plastic deformation occurs. The study found that the heating temperature of 1150 ℃, the oxide began to form a liquid state, cooled to form a parcel or eutectic structure of silicate fine particles. These brittle substances lower the grain boundary strength, combined with the crispness, leading to severe copper cracking.