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【摘要】英语书面表达是高考的一个重要题型，是英语学习的输出阶段，也是最高层次，它比阅读理解更能反映学生的综合英语水平。但学生在英语写作中经常会出现诸如此类的问题：母语的干扰和影响、标点符号的错用、英语中复杂多变的动词、名词和代词的误用、缺乏英语语感以及复杂的语法结构带来的困惑等。本文列举了高中学生英语写作中常见的典型问题和错误并加以纠正。
【关键词】写作问题;错误列举;错误纠正
高考英语书面表达是仅次于阅读理解的一道重要题型。客观地讲，英语写作比阅读理解更能全面地反映学生的综合英语水平，它是英语学习的输出阶段，也是英语学习的最高层次。学生经过听和读的语言输入阶段，具备了一定的词汇、短语、句式以及语法基础知识和英语语感之后，才能通过写作进行书面交际。但学生在写作中经常存在以下这些问题和错误。
一、汉语思维对学生英语写作造成的影响
一直处在汉语环境里的学生受自己母语根深蒂固的影响，他们在进行英语写作时，就会情不自禁地用汉语句式组织句子，更有甚者按照汉语语序进行字对字地翻译，这样写出来的英语句子往往是错误的或者至少是不地道的。例如：
(1)我非常喜欢我的初中英语老师。
I very like my junior middle school English teacher.（错误）
I like my junior English teacher very much. or I really like my junior English teacher. or I quite like my English teacher in Junior School.（正确）
(2)湖边那颗树上有只可爱的小鸟。
There has a lovely little bird on the tree near the lake.（错误）
There isstandssitslives a lovely little bird in the tree near the lake.（正确）
(3)自改革开放以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
Since the reform and opening policy China has taken place great changes. or Great changes have been taken place in China since the reform and opening policy.（错误）
Great changes have taken place in China since the reform and opening policy.（正确）
(4)如果你方便的话，明天来我办公室一趟。
If you are convenient, please come to my office once tomorrow. (错误)
If it is convenient to you, please come to my office tomorrow. or Please come to my office tomorrow at your convenience. (正确)
(5)地球绕着太阳转，这一点大家都知道。
The earth moves around the sun is known to everybody.（错误）
That the earth moves around the sun is known to everybody. or It is known to everybody that the earth moves around the sun. or As is known to everybody, the earth goes around the sun. or What is known to everybody is that the earth goes around the sun.（正确）
(6)他来这里看我们，使我们大家感到非常高兴和兴奋。
He came here to see us made us very happy and excited.（错误）
His coming here to see us made us very happy and excited. or That he came here to see us made us very happy and excited. or He came here to see us, which made us very happy and excited. or He came here to see us, making us very happy and excited. (正确)
(7)电话响了，在我还没来得及接就挂断了。
The telephone rang but it rang off before I couldn’t receive it. (错误)
The telephone was ringing but it rang off before I could answer it. (正确)
(8)尽管有人多次给他讲过，但他还是犯了同样的错误。
Though he had been told many times, but he made the same mistake. or Having been told many times, but he made the same mistake. (错误)
Though he had been told many times, he made the same mistake. or Having been told many times, he made the same mistake. (正确)
(9)因为是星期天，所以她呆在家里而没去上学。
Being Sunday, she stayed at home instead of going to school. or As it was Sunday, so she stayed at home instead of going to school. (错误)
It being Sunday, she stayed at home instead of going to school. or As it was Sunday, she stayed at home instead of going to school. or It was Sunday, so she stayed at home instead of going to school. (正确)
(10)你要继续这样，我会给你点颜色看看。
If you continue to do so, I will give you some color see see.（错误）
If you continue to do so, I will teach you a lesson. or If you continue to do in this way, I will clean the house for you someday.（正确）
二、英语中标点符号给学生写作带来的困惑
学生在英语写作中存在的另一个很普遍的问题就是标点符号，尤其是错用逗号，这也是受汉语的影响。在英语中，句号是一个黑点，省略号是三个点，没有书名号，没有顿号。一个主谓结构结束了就应该是句号、问号或者感叹号，除非有连词或者关系词等。也就是说，在英语中，逗号不能连接两个简单句，当然分号是可以连接两个简单句的。许多学生的作文中程度不同地存在标点符号问题，给作文整体结构和正确性造成影响。例如：
(1)我叫凯文，我是榆中一中的一名学生，我喜欢数学。
I’m named Kevin, I am a student from No 1 Middle School, I like mathematics very much. or I’m named Kevin、I am a student from No 1 Middle School、I like mathematics very much。(错误)
I’m named Kevin. I am a student from No 1 Middle School. I like mathematics very much. or I’m named Kevin; I am a student from No 1 Middle School; I like mathematics very much. or I’m named Kevin and I am a student from No 1 Middle School, who likes mathematics very much.（正确）
(2)恐怕我不能和你一起去看电影，一方面我没时间，另一方面，我父母不让我去。
I am afraid that I will not go to the cinema with you, on one hand, I have no time, on the other hand, my parents don’t allow me to. (错误)
I am afraid that I will not go to the cinema with you. On one hand, I have no time; on the other hand, my parents don’t allow me to. or I am afraid that I will not go to the cinema with you. On one hand, I have no time. On the other hand, my parents don’t allow me to. (正确)
(3)因为昨晚街上没有公共汽车和出租车了，我不得不走回家。
There were no buses or taxis in the street, I had to walk home last night.（错误）
There were no buses or taxis in the street, soand I had to walk home last night. or As there were no buses or taxis in the street, I had to walk home last night. or There were no buses or taxis in the street; I had to walk home last night. or There being no buses or taxis in the street, I had to walk home last night. or There were no buses or taxis in the street, which made me walk home last night. or There were no buses or taxis in the street, thus making me walk home last night.（正确）
(4)去年他们生产了50万辆汽车，大部分销往国外。
They produced half a million cars last year, most of them were sold abroad. (错误)
They produced half a million cars last year; most of them were sold abroad. or They produced half a million cars last year, most of which were sold abroad. or They produced half a million cars last year and most of them were sold abroad. or They produced half a million cars last year, most of them sold abroad. (正确)
(5)众所知之，越来越多的学生只会答题而不会动手。
As is known to all that more and more students can only answer questions in exam papers but can’t act practically with hands. (错误)
As is known to all, more and more students can only answer questions in exam papers but can’t act practically with hands. (正确)
三、英语中动词的复杂用法给学生写作造成的困难
英语写作时动词的选用至关重要，但英语中动词形式的变化对学生来讲是一个难点。许多学生不能得心应手地去正确运用时态、语态以及动词的各种形式；也有人对英语中及物动词和不及物动词理解不到位，往往也会出错，因为不及物动词不能跟宾语，也不能用于被动结构；英语中动词与介词或副词的正确搭配是学生写作中的又一个挑战；主谓一致也是困扰学生写作的问题。例如：
(1)每天傍晚公园里有很多人在跳舞。
There are a lot of people dance in the park every evening.（错误）
There are a lot of people dancing in the park every evening. or There are a lot of people who dance in the park every evening.（正确）
(2)我想成为解放军战士的梦想终于实现了。
My dream to become a PLA soldier has been come true eventually.（错误）
My dream to become a PLA soldier has come true eventually. or My dream to become a PLA soldier has been realized eventually.（正确）
(3)花园里闻起来芳香的那些花吸引了很多游客。
The flowers smell sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists. or The flowers smelt sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists. (错误)
The flowers smelling sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists. or The flowers which smell sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists.（正确）
(4)每年有大量的游客来参观这个可以追溯到古罗马时代的城堡。
Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle dated back to the days of ancient Rome. or Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle being dated back to the days of ancient Rome. or Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle dates back to the days of ancient Rome.（错误）
Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle dating back to the days of ancient Rome. or Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle which dates back to the days of ancient Rome. (正确)
(5)她曾经在北京师范大学学过四年英语，而今在我们学校当英语老师。
She had learned English in Beijing Normal University for four years and now she is an English teacher in our school. or She has learned English in Beijing Normal University for four years and now she is an English teacher in our school.（错误）
She learned English in Beijing Normal University for four years and now she is an English teacher in our school.（正确）
(6)汤姆是通过考试的众多学生中的一位，但他是获得出国机会的唯一一人。
Tom is one of the students who has passed the examination and he is the only one of them who have obtained the opportunity to go abroad.（错误）
Tom is one of the students who have passed the examination and he is the only one of them who has obtained the opportunity to go abroad.（正确）
四、英语中名词、代词的用法给学生写作造成的困难
英语中的名词有可数和不可数之分，可数和不可数名词有不同的修饰语等都会给学生造成困惑。英语中的代词也有好多类，诸如人称代词主格和宾格，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词等，也会给学生写作造成一定的困扰，或者说学生一不留心就会犯错。例如：
(1)为了将来更好地为人民服务，作为学生的我们应该学习尽可能多的知识。
As students, we ought to learn as many knowledges as possible in order to serve the peoples better in the future.（错误）
As students, we ought to learn as much knowledge as possible in order to serve the people better in the future.（正确）
(2)“我们学生们每天早起并且朗读英语。”一位学生代表说，“希望老师们给我们学生朗读方面给予指导。
“Our students get up early and read English aloud every day and we hope our teachers should offer our students some advice on reading aloud.” said a student representative.（错误）
“We students get up early and read English aloud every day and we hope our teachers should offer us students some advice on reading aloud,” said a student representative. (正确)
(3)她的孩子比你的孩子年龄大，但个头略矮一点。
Her child is older that you but a little shorter than you. (错误)
Her child is older that yours but a little shorter (than yours).（正确）
(4)他是我朋友中的一位并且经常帮助我学习数学和物理。
He is a friend of me and he often helps I study mathematics and physics.（错误）
He is a friend of mine and often helps me with my mathematics and physics.（正确）
五、英语写作时缺乏英语语感的问题
学生在进行书面表达时常常缺乏英语语感，这样写出来的句子总是带有汉语的味道。当然，语感的培养需要一个漫长的过程，要让学生通过“听说”学习环节懂得英语中词的用法、语法结构、表达习惯、动词的时态语态、虚拟语气以及其他的语言运用规律，更重要的是逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。这样，学生写出来的作文才有英语的感觉，才是正确得体的。例如：
(1)虽然他很累，但他仍然帮我修车。
Although he was very tired, but he still helped me repair my car.（错误）
Although he was very tired, he still helped me repair my car. or Although he was very tired, yet he still helped me repair my car. or He was very tired, but he still helped me repair my car. or Being very tired, he helped me repair my car.（正确）
(2)她设法弄到了她渴望的一切。
She managed to get all what she had been desiring.（错误）
She managed to get all that she had been desiring. or She managed to get what she had been desiring.（正确）
(3)眼睛盯着电视里的场景，她没有意识到外面发生了什么事情。
With her eyes fixingfocusing on the scenes on TV, she didn’t aware of what was happened outside. (错误)
With her eyes fixedfocused on the scenes on TV, she wasn’t aware of what was happening outside. (正确)
(5)他靠自己的双手最后取得了巨大的成功。
In the end he depended on his own hands, achieved his great success. (错误)
In the end he achieved his great success depending on his own hands. or By working hard with his hands he achieved his great success eventually. (正确)
六、英语中其他语法难点给学生带来的困惑
英语中有很多复杂的语法结构，诸如动词的各种时态和语态以及虚拟语气；各种从句的复杂用法以及状语从句中的省略、名词性从句的语序、定语从句中的主谓一致等；非谓语动词的各种形式以及逻辑主语；其他句式诸如独立主格结构、倒装、省略、强调句型等。例如：
(1)只有在他长大以后他才意识到自己当时的行为是错误的。
Only after did he grow up he realized what did he do at that time was wrong. or Only after he grew up did he realized what he did at that time was wrong.（错误）
Only after he grew up did he realize what he did at that time was wrong.（正确）
(2)昨晚，直到她下班回来以后我们才一起吃饭的。
It was not until she came back from work did we have supper together last night. or It was not until did she come back from work we had supper together last night.（错误）
It was not until she came back from work that we had supper together last night. or Not until she came back from work did we have supper together last night.（正确）
(3)当问到她今年多大年龄的时候，她只是笑了一下并且走开了。
When being asked how old she was, she just smiled and went away. or When asking how old she was, she just smiled and went away.（错误）
When asked how old she was, she just smiled and went away. or When she was asked how old she was, she just smiled and went away.
(4)我仍然记得她借给了我一些鲁迅小说的那个场景。
I still remember the occasion where she lent me some novels that was written by Lu Xun.（错误）
I still remember the occasion when she lent me some novels that were written by Lu Xun.（正确）
(5)这就是上个月我们参观过几个车间的那家工厂。
This is the factory that we visited some workshops last month.（错误）
This is the factory where we visited some workshops last month.（正确）
(6)老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书，后面跟着几个学生。
The teacher entered the classroom, book in his hand, following several students. or The teacher entered the classroom, a book in hand, being followed by several students. or The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in hand, followed several students.（错误）
The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand, followed by several students. or The teacher entered the classroom, a book in his hand, with several students following him. or The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand, followed by several students.（正确）
对学生来说，写作能力的提升非一日之寒，所以不仅要求学生反复的操练，而且也给广大英语教师提出了巨大的挑战。如何更好地进行英语写作教学是摆在教师面前的一项艰巨任务。大家知道，学生在平时的写作中存在一定的困难，在高考时写作得不了高分，有相当一部分学生甚至在大学四、六级英语考试的写作部分也丢分不少。一般来说，大学公共英语教学以阅读为主，很少进行针对性的写作训练。因此，培养学生写作技巧和能力的任务就落在我们中学英语教师的肩上。那么我们怎样才能最大限度地培养学生的写作技巧呢？当然，我们首先要明白学生在写作中存在的问题和困惑，然后才能有的放矢地进行写作指导和能力训练。
参考文献
[1] 教育部，2001，《普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）》［M］，北京：北京师范大学出版社。
[2] 李志雪、李绍山，2003，<<对国内英语写作研究现状的思考——对八种外语类核心期刊十年（1993--2002）的统计分析［J］>>，《外语界》第6期, 55-60。
[3] 王初明、牛瑞英、郑小湘，2002，《以写促学—一项英语写作教学改革的试验［J］》，《外语教学与研究》第5期，207-212。
[4] 王琦，2002，《以学生为中心的英语写作教学实验研究［J］》，《西北师范大学学报》（社会科学版）第6期, 115-118。
[5] 文秋芳、郭纯洁，1998，《母语思维与外语写作能力的关系：对高中生英语看图作文过程的研究［J］》，《现代外语》第4期, 44-56。
【关键词】写作问题;错误列举;错误纠正
高考英语书面表达是仅次于阅读理解的一道重要题型。客观地讲，英语写作比阅读理解更能全面地反映学生的综合英语水平，它是英语学习的输出阶段，也是英语学习的最高层次。学生经过听和读的语言输入阶段，具备了一定的词汇、短语、句式以及语法基础知识和英语语感之后，才能通过写作进行书面交际。但学生在写作中经常存在以下这些问题和错误。
一、汉语思维对学生英语写作造成的影响
一直处在汉语环境里的学生受自己母语根深蒂固的影响，他们在进行英语写作时，就会情不自禁地用汉语句式组织句子，更有甚者按照汉语语序进行字对字地翻译，这样写出来的英语句子往往是错误的或者至少是不地道的。例如：
(1)我非常喜欢我的初中英语老师。
I very like my junior middle school English teacher.（错误）
I like my junior English teacher very much. or I really like my junior English teacher. or I quite like my English teacher in Junior School.（正确）
(2)湖边那颗树上有只可爱的小鸟。
There has a lovely little bird on the tree near the lake.（错误）
There isstandssitslives a lovely little bird in the tree near the lake.（正确）
(3)自改革开放以来中国发生了巨大的变化。
Since the reform and opening policy China has taken place great changes. or Great changes have been taken place in China since the reform and opening policy.（错误）
Great changes have taken place in China since the reform and opening policy.（正确）
(4)如果你方便的话，明天来我办公室一趟。
If you are convenient, please come to my office once tomorrow. (错误)
If it is convenient to you, please come to my office tomorrow. or Please come to my office tomorrow at your convenience. (正确)
(5)地球绕着太阳转，这一点大家都知道。
The earth moves around the sun is known to everybody.（错误）
That the earth moves around the sun is known to everybody. or It is known to everybody that the earth moves around the sun. or As is known to everybody, the earth goes around the sun. or What is known to everybody is that the earth goes around the sun.（正确）
(6)他来这里看我们，使我们大家感到非常高兴和兴奋。
He came here to see us made us very happy and excited.（错误）
His coming here to see us made us very happy and excited. or That he came here to see us made us very happy and excited. or He came here to see us, which made us very happy and excited. or He came here to see us, making us very happy and excited. (正确)
(7)电话响了，在我还没来得及接就挂断了。
The telephone rang but it rang off before I couldn’t receive it. (错误)
The telephone was ringing but it rang off before I could answer it. (正确)
(8)尽管有人多次给他讲过，但他还是犯了同样的错误。
Though he had been told many times, but he made the same mistake. or Having been told many times, but he made the same mistake. (错误)
Though he had been told many times, he made the same mistake. or Having been told many times, he made the same mistake. (正确)
(9)因为是星期天，所以她呆在家里而没去上学。
Being Sunday, she stayed at home instead of going to school. or As it was Sunday, so she stayed at home instead of going to school. (错误)
It being Sunday, she stayed at home instead of going to school. or As it was Sunday, she stayed at home instead of going to school. or It was Sunday, so she stayed at home instead of going to school. (正确)
(10)你要继续这样，我会给你点颜色看看。
If you continue to do so, I will give you some color see see.（错误）
If you continue to do so, I will teach you a lesson. or If you continue to do in this way, I will clean the house for you someday.（正确）
二、英语中标点符号给学生写作带来的困惑
学生在英语写作中存在的另一个很普遍的问题就是标点符号，尤其是错用逗号，这也是受汉语的影响。在英语中，句号是一个黑点，省略号是三个点，没有书名号，没有顿号。一个主谓结构结束了就应该是句号、问号或者感叹号，除非有连词或者关系词等。也就是说，在英语中，逗号不能连接两个简单句，当然分号是可以连接两个简单句的。许多学生的作文中程度不同地存在标点符号问题，给作文整体结构和正确性造成影响。例如：
(1)我叫凯文，我是榆中一中的一名学生，我喜欢数学。
I’m named Kevin, I am a student from No 1 Middle School, I like mathematics very much. or I’m named Kevin、I am a student from No 1 Middle School、I like mathematics very much。(错误)
I’m named Kevin. I am a student from No 1 Middle School. I like mathematics very much. or I’m named Kevin; I am a student from No 1 Middle School; I like mathematics very much. or I’m named Kevin and I am a student from No 1 Middle School, who likes mathematics very much.（正确）
(2)恐怕我不能和你一起去看电影，一方面我没时间，另一方面，我父母不让我去。
I am afraid that I will not go to the cinema with you, on one hand, I have no time, on the other hand, my parents don’t allow me to. (错误)
I am afraid that I will not go to the cinema with you. On one hand, I have no time; on the other hand, my parents don’t allow me to. or I am afraid that I will not go to the cinema with you. On one hand, I have no time. On the other hand, my parents don’t allow me to. (正确)
(3)因为昨晚街上没有公共汽车和出租车了，我不得不走回家。
There were no buses or taxis in the street, I had to walk home last night.（错误）
There were no buses or taxis in the street, soand I had to walk home last night. or As there were no buses or taxis in the street, I had to walk home last night. or There were no buses or taxis in the street; I had to walk home last night. or There being no buses or taxis in the street, I had to walk home last night. or There were no buses or taxis in the street, which made me walk home last night. or There were no buses or taxis in the street, thus making me walk home last night.（正确）
(4)去年他们生产了50万辆汽车，大部分销往国外。
They produced half a million cars last year, most of them were sold abroad. (错误)
They produced half a million cars last year; most of them were sold abroad. or They produced half a million cars last year, most of which were sold abroad. or They produced half a million cars last year and most of them were sold abroad. or They produced half a million cars last year, most of them sold abroad. (正确)
(5)众所知之，越来越多的学生只会答题而不会动手。
As is known to all that more and more students can only answer questions in exam papers but can’t act practically with hands. (错误)
As is known to all, more and more students can only answer questions in exam papers but can’t act practically with hands. (正确)
三、英语中动词的复杂用法给学生写作造成的困难
英语写作时动词的选用至关重要，但英语中动词形式的变化对学生来讲是一个难点。许多学生不能得心应手地去正确运用时态、语态以及动词的各种形式；也有人对英语中及物动词和不及物动词理解不到位，往往也会出错，因为不及物动词不能跟宾语，也不能用于被动结构；英语中动词与介词或副词的正确搭配是学生写作中的又一个挑战；主谓一致也是困扰学生写作的问题。例如：
(1)每天傍晚公园里有很多人在跳舞。
There are a lot of people dance in the park every evening.（错误）
There are a lot of people dancing in the park every evening. or There are a lot of people who dance in the park every evening.（正确）
(2)我想成为解放军战士的梦想终于实现了。
My dream to become a PLA soldier has been come true eventually.（错误）
My dream to become a PLA soldier has come true eventually. or My dream to become a PLA soldier has been realized eventually.（正确）
(3)花园里闻起来芳香的那些花吸引了很多游客。
The flowers smell sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists. or The flowers smelt sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists. (错误)
The flowers smelling sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists. or The flowers which smell sweet and fragrant in the garden attract a lot of tourists.（正确）
(4)每年有大量的游客来参观这个可以追溯到古罗马时代的城堡。
Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle dated back to the days of ancient Rome. or Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle being dated back to the days of ancient Rome. or Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle dates back to the days of ancient Rome.（错误）
Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle dating back to the days of ancient Rome. or Every year, a large number of tourists come to visit the castle which dates back to the days of ancient Rome. (正确)
(5)她曾经在北京师范大学学过四年英语，而今在我们学校当英语老师。
She had learned English in Beijing Normal University for four years and now she is an English teacher in our school. or She has learned English in Beijing Normal University for four years and now she is an English teacher in our school.（错误）
She learned English in Beijing Normal University for four years and now she is an English teacher in our school.（正确）
(6)汤姆是通过考试的众多学生中的一位，但他是获得出国机会的唯一一人。
Tom is one of the students who has passed the examination and he is the only one of them who have obtained the opportunity to go abroad.（错误）
Tom is one of the students who have passed the examination and he is the only one of them who has obtained the opportunity to go abroad.（正确）
四、英语中名词、代词的用法给学生写作造成的困难
英语中的名词有可数和不可数之分，可数和不可数名词有不同的修饰语等都会给学生造成困惑。英语中的代词也有好多类，诸如人称代词主格和宾格，形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词等，也会给学生写作造成一定的困扰，或者说学生一不留心就会犯错。例如：
(1)为了将来更好地为人民服务，作为学生的我们应该学习尽可能多的知识。
As students, we ought to learn as many knowledges as possible in order to serve the peoples better in the future.（错误）
As students, we ought to learn as much knowledge as possible in order to serve the people better in the future.（正确）
(2)“我们学生们每天早起并且朗读英语。”一位学生代表说，“希望老师们给我们学生朗读方面给予指导。
“Our students get up early and read English aloud every day and we hope our teachers should offer our students some advice on reading aloud.” said a student representative.（错误）
“We students get up early and read English aloud every day and we hope our teachers should offer us students some advice on reading aloud,” said a student representative. (正确)
(3)她的孩子比你的孩子年龄大，但个头略矮一点。
Her child is older that you but a little shorter than you. (错误)
Her child is older that yours but a little shorter (than yours).（正确）
(4)他是我朋友中的一位并且经常帮助我学习数学和物理。
He is a friend of me and he often helps I study mathematics and physics.（错误）
He is a friend of mine and often helps me with my mathematics and physics.（正确）
五、英语写作时缺乏英语语感的问题
学生在进行书面表达时常常缺乏英语语感，这样写出来的句子总是带有汉语的味道。当然，语感的培养需要一个漫长的过程，要让学生通过“听说”学习环节懂得英语中词的用法、语法结构、表达习惯、动词的时态语态、虚拟语气以及其他的语言运用规律，更重要的是逐步养成用英语思维的习惯。这样，学生写出来的作文才有英语的感觉，才是正确得体的。例如：
(1)虽然他很累，但他仍然帮我修车。
Although he was very tired, but he still helped me repair my car.（错误）
Although he was very tired, he still helped me repair my car. or Although he was very tired, yet he still helped me repair my car. or He was very tired, but he still helped me repair my car. or Being very tired, he helped me repair my car.（正确）
(2)她设法弄到了她渴望的一切。
She managed to get all what she had been desiring.（错误）
She managed to get all that she had been desiring. or She managed to get what she had been desiring.（正确）
(3)眼睛盯着电视里的场景，她没有意识到外面发生了什么事情。
With her eyes fixingfocusing on the scenes on TV, she didn’t aware of what was happened outside. (错误)
With her eyes fixedfocused on the scenes on TV, she wasn’t aware of what was happening outside. (正确)
(5)他靠自己的双手最后取得了巨大的成功。
In the end he depended on his own hands, achieved his great success. (错误)
In the end he achieved his great success depending on his own hands. or By working hard with his hands he achieved his great success eventually. (正确)
六、英语中其他语法难点给学生带来的困惑
英语中有很多复杂的语法结构，诸如动词的各种时态和语态以及虚拟语气；各种从句的复杂用法以及状语从句中的省略、名词性从句的语序、定语从句中的主谓一致等；非谓语动词的各种形式以及逻辑主语；其他句式诸如独立主格结构、倒装、省略、强调句型等。例如：
(1)只有在他长大以后他才意识到自己当时的行为是错误的。
Only after did he grow up he realized what did he do at that time was wrong. or Only after he grew up did he realized what he did at that time was wrong.（错误）
Only after he grew up did he realize what he did at that time was wrong.（正确）
(2)昨晚，直到她下班回来以后我们才一起吃饭的。
It was not until she came back from work did we have supper together last night. or It was not until did she come back from work we had supper together last night.（错误）
It was not until she came back from work that we had supper together last night. or Not until she came back from work did we have supper together last night.（正确）
(3)当问到她今年多大年龄的时候，她只是笑了一下并且走开了。
When being asked how old she was, she just smiled and went away. or When asking how old she was, she just smiled and went away.（错误）
When asked how old she was, she just smiled and went away. or When she was asked how old she was, she just smiled and went away.
(4)我仍然记得她借给了我一些鲁迅小说的那个场景。
I still remember the occasion where she lent me some novels that was written by Lu Xun.（错误）
I still remember the occasion when she lent me some novels that were written by Lu Xun.（正确）
(5)这就是上个月我们参观过几个车间的那家工厂。
This is the factory that we visited some workshops last month.（错误）
This is the factory where we visited some workshops last month.（正确）
(6)老师走进教室，手里拿着一本书，后面跟着几个学生。
The teacher entered the classroom, book in his hand, following several students. or The teacher entered the classroom, a book in hand, being followed by several students. or The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in hand, followed several students.（错误）
The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand, followed by several students. or The teacher entered the classroom, a book in his hand, with several students following him. or The teacher entered the classroom, with a book in his hand, followed by several students.（正确）
对学生来说，写作能力的提升非一日之寒，所以不仅要求学生反复的操练，而且也给广大英语教师提出了巨大的挑战。如何更好地进行英语写作教学是摆在教师面前的一项艰巨任务。大家知道，学生在平时的写作中存在一定的困难，在高考时写作得不了高分，有相当一部分学生甚至在大学四、六级英语考试的写作部分也丢分不少。一般来说，大学公共英语教学以阅读为主，很少进行针对性的写作训练。因此，培养学生写作技巧和能力的任务就落在我们中学英语教师的肩上。那么我们怎样才能最大限度地培养学生的写作技巧呢？当然，我们首先要明白学生在写作中存在的问题和困惑，然后才能有的放矢地进行写作指导和能力训练。
参考文献
[1] 教育部，2001，《普通高中英语课程标准（实验稿）》［M］，北京：北京师范大学出版社。
[2] 李志雪、李绍山，2003，<<对国内英语写作研究现状的思考——对八种外语类核心期刊十年（1993--2002）的统计分析［J］>>，《外语界》第6期, 55-60。
[3] 王初明、牛瑞英、郑小湘，2002，《以写促学—一项英语写作教学改革的试验［J］》，《外语教学与研究》第5期，207-212。
[4] 王琦，2002，《以学生为中心的英语写作教学实验研究［J］》，《西北师范大学学报》（社会科学版）第6期, 115-118。
[5] 文秋芳、郭纯洁，1998，《母语思维与外语写作能力的关系：对高中生英语看图作文过程的研究［J］》，《现代外语》第4期, 44-56。