本文以四川宣汉县为例,分析了新一轮西部大开发中西部地区的新机遇和面临的新挑战。宣汉县存在产业结构层次低,在局域分工中处于劣势。提出合理调整产业结构的路径选择:加快小城镇建设和发挥科技进步作用,促进三次产业结构提升;发掘地方优势和潜力,促进三次产业内部结构优化升级。 Taking Xuanhan County in Sichuan Province as an example, this article analyzes the new opportunities and new challenges facing the central and western regions in the western development. There is a low level of industrial structure in Xuanhan County, which is at a disadvantage in the division of labor in the area. Put forward the path of rational adjustment of industrial structure: Speed ​​up the construction of small towns and give play to the role of scientific and technological progress to promote the upgrading of three industrial structures; explore local advantages and potentials and promote the optimization and upgrading of the internal structure of the three industries.