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谓语动词在主语前,这种语序称为倒装语序。倒装在语法上起修饰的作用。
一、分类
部分倒装:只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词,系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子。
完全倒装:整个谓语放在主语之前。
形式倒装:在语法上称为前置,只把要强调的内容提到句首,如表语、宾语、状语或宾补等提到主语之前,主谓并不倒装。
二、用法
完全倒装
1. there be 句型
e.g. There is a book on the desk.(测试主谓一致时用就近原则)
2. there,here,then,now位于句首
注意:there,now等不指具体的时间与地点,除了then外,其余句子均用一般现在时;主语是人称代词时不用倒装结构。
e.g. Here comes the bus.
3. 表方向的副词放在句首(away,up,down,off,on, in, out, over, back...)后面动词常用come,go,rush,run,jump...
e.g. In came the teacher.
注意:主语是人称代词时,不用倒装。
e.g.Away he went.
4. 地点状语位于句首,(be,stand,lie,exist...坐落于,位于)
e.g. In front of the house sat a small boy.
5. 表语位于句首
(1)形容词 be 主语。
e.g. Present at the meeting were White , Jane and Mary.
(2)done be 主语。
e.g. Gone are the days when we depend on foreign oil.
(3)介词短语 be 主语。
e.g. Among the goods are flowers and toys.
(4)such be。
e.g. Such are the facts:no one can deny them.
部分倒装
1. 否定词位于句首
never,seldom,little,few,hardly,scarcely,rarely,not until,by no means,in no time,in no case,in no way,nowhere...
e.g. Never have I heard about it.
e.g. By no means is smoking allowed in the classroom.
2. only状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)在句首
e.g. Only in this way can you succeed.
注意:(1)Only when he told me about it did I know it.(主句用倒装,从句不用)(2)Only Mr. Wang knows this.(only不是状语,不用倒装)
3. 频度词做状语位于句首,但sometimes例外
always,often,every day,many a time,as usual,usually.
e.g. Always does he ask questions like that.
4. Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had 主语 done when 主语 did sth.No sooner had 主语 done than 主语 did sth.
e.g. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
e.g. No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang.
5. not until 位于句首(主倒从不倒)
not only(倒装)——but also (不用倒装)
neither(倒装)——nor (倒装)
e.g. Not until 1949 did the village have its own school.
6. as/though引导让步状语从句
e.g. Old as/though he is,he still works hard.
e.g. Girl though/as she is,she is brave.
7. 虚拟语气倒装(were,had should)
e.g. Were I you,I would do it.=If I were you,I would do it.
8. so adj.句首,用全部倒装;So adv.句首,用部分倒装
e.g. So heavily was it raining!
e.g. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for u to imagine its speed.
9. 表示祝愿
e.g. May you succeed!
10. so,neither/nor也(正常强调-确实是,倒装也)
so be/have/助动词/情态动词 主语
neither(两者)/nor两者或两者以上) be/have/助动词/情态动词 主语
e.g. He is a good boy.So is Tom.他是个好孩子,汤姆也是。
e.g. He is a good boy.So he is.他是个好孩子,他确实是。
形式倒装
1. 感叹句
What (a/an adj.) n,How adj./adv./v.
e.g. How interesting the talk was!
2. the more...,the more...
e.g. The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
3. whatever/however引导的让步状语从句
e.g. Whatever you say is of no use now.
(大连金桥高级中学)
一、分类
部分倒装:只把谓语的一部分(多为助动词,系动词be或情态动词)置于主语之前的句子。
完全倒装:整个谓语放在主语之前。
形式倒装:在语法上称为前置,只把要强调的内容提到句首,如表语、宾语、状语或宾补等提到主语之前,主谓并不倒装。
二、用法
完全倒装
1. there be 句型
e.g. There is a book on the desk.(测试主谓一致时用就近原则)
2. there,here,then,now位于句首
注意:there,now等不指具体的时间与地点,除了then外,其余句子均用一般现在时;主语是人称代词时不用倒装结构。
e.g. Here comes the bus.
3. 表方向的副词放在句首(away,up,down,off,on, in, out, over, back...)后面动词常用come,go,rush,run,jump...
e.g. In came the teacher.
注意:主语是人称代词时,不用倒装。
e.g.Away he went.
4. 地点状语位于句首,(be,stand,lie,exist...坐落于,位于)
e.g. In front of the house sat a small boy.
5. 表语位于句首
(1)形容词 be 主语。
e.g. Present at the meeting were White , Jane and Mary.
(2)done be 主语。
e.g. Gone are the days when we depend on foreign oil.
(3)介词短语 be 主语。
e.g. Among the goods are flowers and toys.
(4)such be。
e.g. Such are the facts:no one can deny them.
部分倒装
1. 否定词位于句首
never,seldom,little,few,hardly,scarcely,rarely,not until,by no means,in no time,in no case,in no way,nowhere...
e.g. Never have I heard about it.
e.g. By no means is smoking allowed in the classroom.
2. only状语(副词、介词短语或状语从句)在句首
e.g. Only in this way can you succeed.
注意:(1)Only when he told me about it did I know it.(主句用倒装,从句不用)(2)Only Mr. Wang knows this.(only不是状语,不用倒装)
3. 频度词做状语位于句首,但sometimes例外
always,often,every day,many a time,as usual,usually.
e.g. Always does he ask questions like that.
4. Hardly/Scarcely/Barely had 主语 done when 主语 did sth.No sooner had 主语 done than 主语 did sth.
e.g. Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.
e.g. No sooner had she gone out than the phone rang.
5. not until 位于句首(主倒从不倒)
not only(倒装)——but also (不用倒装)
neither(倒装)——nor (倒装)
e.g. Not until 1949 did the village have its own school.
6. as/though引导让步状语从句
e.g. Old as/though he is,he still works hard.
e.g. Girl though/as she is,she is brave.
7. 虚拟语气倒装(were,had should)
e.g. Were I you,I would do it.=If I were you,I would do it.
8. so adj.句首,用全部倒装;So adv.句首,用部分倒装
e.g. So heavily was it raining!
e.g. So fast does light travel that it is difficult for u to imagine its speed.
9. 表示祝愿
e.g. May you succeed!
10. so,neither/nor也(正常强调-确实是,倒装也)
so be/have/助动词/情态动词 主语
neither(两者)/nor两者或两者以上) be/have/助动词/情态动词 主语
e.g. He is a good boy.So is Tom.他是个好孩子,汤姆也是。
e.g. He is a good boy.So he is.他是个好孩子,他确实是。
形式倒装
1. 感叹句
What (a/an adj.) n,How adj./adv./v.
e.g. How interesting the talk was!
2. the more...,the more...
e.g. The harder you work,the greater progress you will make.
3. whatever/however引导的让步状语从句
e.g. Whatever you say is of no use now.
(大连金桥高级中学)