“前概念”是建构主义学习论中最为重要的内容之一,它是指学生在接受科学概念之前根据自己的日常经验形成的对事物既有的理解。这种朴素但却很难改变的认知会极大地影响学生的学习效果。本文从前概念转化为科学概念的影响因素入手,重点讨论“前概念”在高中思想政治教育中的特殊影响,并结合实际讨论前概念理论对高中思想政治教育的启示。 “Preconcept ” is one of the most important elements in constructivism learning theory. It refers to students’ understanding of things based on their own daily experience before they accept the concept of science. This simple but difficult to change perception will greatly affect the learning outcomes of students. This article starts from the conversion of the former concept into the influencing factor of the scientific concept, focusing on the special influence of “preconsciousness ” in the ideological and political education in senior high school and the enlightenment of the preconception theory to the ideological and political education in senior high school.