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清末,中国北方的农牧分界线在河套地区发生了明显的北移,而且逐步扩展为农牧交错地带,以地商为中心的社会组织在河套地区所进行的水利开发和土地开发的过程,提供了一个在农牧边界地带上社会组织会暂时比国家中央集权更有效地组织水利工程的个案。地商利用私人资本和以地商为中心的社会组织来开发河套地区的水利工程,并最终形成河套地区的水利网络。该组织形成的管理方式和协调机制充分调动一切资源,并将移民牢牢控制在土地上,在此基础上渐渐形成了当地的村落和社会。
In the late Qing Dynasty, the dividing line between agriculture and animal husbandry in northern China had seen a clear northward move in Hetao area and gradually expanded into a process of water conservancy development and land development carried out by Hoktaido area by social organizations centered on agriculture and animal husbandry, Provided a case in which the social organizations on the boundary of agriculture and animal husbandry could organize hydroelectric projects more effectively than the national centralization. Local businessmen use private capital and local-based social organizations to develop water conservancy projects in Hetao area and finally form a water network in the Loop. The management style and coordination mechanism formed by the organization fully mobilized all resources and firmly controlled the immigrants on the land. Based on this, the local villages and the community gradually formed.