在柏拉图著名的对话录《斐德若》篇里,苏格拉底对斐德若讲述过一个关于灵魂完善之途的故事。这个故事是说人的灵魂可以被划分为三个部分。其中有两个部分类似两匹马,第三部分则像一个御马的人。两匹马之中一匹温和驯良,一匹顽劣骄横。温和驯良的马占据尊贵的位置,爱好荣誉,谦逊又节制,驾驭者无须鞭策,只要稍事劝导即可。顽劣骄横的马不服规矩,连鞭打脚踢都无法使它听从调度。针对灵魂的复杂组成,御马者的区别对待意义重大, In Plato’s famous Dialogue, “Fade”, Socrates told Phaedrus a story about the way of soul refinement. The story is that the human soul can be divided into three parts. Two of them are similar to two horses, and the third one is like a royal horse. One of the two horses is gentle and gentle, and one is naughty and arrogant. Mild and docile horses occupy a distinguished position, love honor, modest and restraint, control without whipping, just a little advice can be. Unruly arrogant horse dissatisfied with the rules, even the whipping can not make it follow the schedule. For the complex composition of the soul, the difference between horse owners is of great significance,