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理性是经济学的基本假设,然而很多实验研究却已经证实了有限理性才是现实中人们行为的普遍特征。在有限理性的条件下,认知能力将影响到个人的信念形成,进而影响到人们的经济行为。对此,本文基于选美比赛博弈开展实验研究,并得到以下结论:(1)认知能力的差异是导致现实中的经济行为偏离Nash均衡预测结果的原因;(2)正向利益激励能够使得参与人变得更有自知之明,可是却没有显著提升参与人运用理性进行认知推理的深度。
Rationality is the basic assumption of economics, however, many experimental studies have confirmed that bounded rationality is the universal feature of people’s behavior in reality. Under the condition of bounded rationality, cognitive ability will affect the formation of individual’s beliefs, thus affecting people’s economic behavior. To this end, this paper conducts experimental research based on the game of beauty contest, and gets the following conclusions: (1) The difference of cognitive ability is the reason that causes the actual economic behavior to deviate from Nash equilibrium forecast result; (2) Positive incentive can make participation People became more self-aware, but did not significantly enhance the depth of participants’ use of reasoning for cognitive reasoning.