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利用太谷核不育小麦,采用改良半姐妹和混合轮选及隔代回交轮选三种方法进行抗逆性育种。结果表明,改良半姐妹和混合轮选对群体主穗粒数、单株粒重、百粒重等主要产量性状和抗干热风能力均有显著改良效果。改良半姐妹比混合轮选改进幅度大,且对降低群体株高有极显著效果;而混合轮选对降低株高效果不明显;两群体各主要经济性状有向选择目标集中、变异度下降的趋势。用隔代回交轮选法改造丰抗2号效果显著,升选系抗干热风、抗寒性及综合性状均优于丰抗二号,回交两次比回交一次效果好。各类群体都能分离出许多超亲变异优良可育株,已育成一批通过区试待审定或在区试、展示中表现突出的品系及特异材料。
Taigu nuclear sterile wheat, improved semi-sisters and mixed-round election and alternate round-back round election three methods of resistance breeding. The results showed that the improvement of semi-sisters and mixed-round selection had significant improvement on the main yield traits and the ability of anti-dry and hot-air, such as main grain number per plant, grain weight per plant, grain weight per 100 grains and so on. Improved semi-sibling than the mixed round of election improvement, and to reduce the height of the plant has a very significant effect; and mixed-round election to reduce the effect of plant height is not obvious; two groups of major economic traits targeted selection focus, the degree of variation decreased trend. The effect of rejuvenating Fengkang No.2 with alternate backcrossing wheel selection method was remarkable. The anti-hot and dry wind of the lightening selection system was better than that of Fengkang No.2, and the backcross was better than the backfilling twice. All kinds of groups are able to separate a lot of excellent and fertile strains of super-parents variation, and have developed a number of strains and specific materials that have been approved by the district or have been outstandingly demonstrated in the district test and exhibition.