论文部分内容阅读
Bombardier型机车是庞巴迪运输公司为北美市场制造的单司机室双动力源(电力和内燃)机车。机车持续功率在带接触网的电力牵引模式下标定值为4.0 MW,在内燃电传动牵引模式下为3.0 MW。内燃电传动牵引模式下,机车的功率由2台功率为1.5 MW的Caterpillar 3512C HD型柴油机提供。本文描述了该型机车为获U.S.EPA Tier 3机车认证所面临的挑战和解决方案。Bombardier ALP-45DP型机车的一些专有特点需要在废气排放认证过程中与环境保护局(EPA)进行意见交换。例如,新型机车采用了无级可变阀,这与北美惯用的“手柄位”不同,后者柴油机的转速和负载是离散的,由机车制造厂预先确定,因此废气排放测试模式的选择很单一。为满足预计的机车能源要求,庞巴迪公司对起动客运线路(New Jersey Transit)进行了大量的分析,随后利用分析数据来确定特殊的排放测试模式和负荷循环加权因子用于EPA的排放认证测试。Bombardier ALP-45DP型机车的两台柴油机均装用了柴油机氧化催化器(DOC)。对北美机车市场来说,这是一种比较先进的技术,为详细说明DOC的预处理要求和确定EPA所要求的劣化系数(认证内容之一)提供足够的技术支持,公司付出了相当大的努力。文中示出了U.S.EPA认证试验得出的排放结果,其中包括HC、CO、NOx和PM等规定项目的排放值以及针对EPA新的要求对温室气体CO2及甲烷(CH4)测得的结果。甲烷的检测和报告是EPA针对自2012年起新造机车提出的一项新要求,文中对这一程序进行了详细阐述。
The Bombardier® locomotive is a single cab dual power source (electric and internal combustion) locomotive manufactured by Bombardier Transportation for the North American market. Locomotive continuous power is 4.0 MW for electric traction with catenary and 3.0 MW for internal combustion traction mode. In internal combustion traction mode, the power of the locomotive is provided by two Caterpillar 3512C HD diesel engines with a capacity of 1.5 MW. This article describes the challenges and solutions this locomotive has to meet the U.S. EPA Tier 3 locomotive certification. Some of the proprietary features of the Bombardier ALP-45DP locomotive need to exchange views with the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) during the exhaust emission certification process. For example, the new locomotive uses a continuously variable valve, which is different from the conventional North American “handle bit” where the speed and load of a diesel engine are discrete and predetermined by the locomotive manufacturer, so the choice of emission test mode Very simple. To meet the estimated locomotive energy requirements, Bombardier conducted a number of analyzes of the New Jersey Transit and then used the analysis data to determine the specific emission test patterns and load cycle weighting factors for the EPA’s emissions certification tests. Both diesel engines of the Bombardier ALP-45DP locomotive are equipped with a diesel oxidation catalyst (DOC). This is a relatively advanced technology for the North American locomotive market and provides ample technical support for specifying DOC pretreatment requirements and determining the required degradation factor for EPA (one of the certifications), and the company has paid a considerable Work hard. The emissions results from the U.S.EPA certification test are presented in this paper, including the emissions of specified items such as HC, CO, NOx and PM, as well as the results of greenhouse gas CO2 and methane (CH4) measurements for the new EPA requirements. Methane testing and reporting is a new EPA request for a new locomotive starting in 2012, which details the procedure.