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目的了解成都市7~18岁城乡学生体质健康状况的差异,为相关的研究提供基础依据。方法按照随机整群抽样原则,选择成都市7~18岁学生共3 005名作为研究对象,对生长发育、生理功能及身体素质各项指标进行城乡比较。结果身高、体重、胸围、肺活量和握力随年龄的增长而增加,13岁以上年龄组身高、体重男生优于女生(P<0.05),胸围女生高于男生(P<0.05),男生胸围在18岁年龄组出现乡村高于城市,有统计学差异(P<0.05),肺活量、握力在7~12岁年龄组城市高于乡村(P<0.05),13~15岁年龄组城乡差异消失(P>0.05),16~18岁年龄组乡村高于城市(P<0.05),城乡学生50m跑比较无统计学差异(P>0.05),耐力素质比较16~18岁年龄组乡村好于城市(P<0.05),柔韧素质比较7~12岁年龄组城市高于乡村(P<0.05),下肢爆发力16~18岁年龄组乡村高于城市(P<0.05)。结论成都市7~18岁城乡学生间的体格发育及生理指标差距正逐步缩小。
Objective To understand the differences of physical health status of urban and rural students aged 7-18 years in Chengdu and provide the basis for related research. Methods According to the principle of random cluster sampling, a total of 3 005 students aged 7-18 years in Chengdu were selected as research objects, and the urban and rural comparisons were made between the indexes of growth and development, physiological functions and physical fitness. Results The height, weight, chest circumference, vital capacity and grip strength increased with age. The height and weight of boys over 13 years old were superior to those of girls (P <0.05), the bust girls were higher than boys (P <0.05) (P <0.05). The vital capacity and grip strength were higher in urban areas from 7 to 12 years old than in rural areas (P <0.05), while the difference between urban and rural areas disappeared in 13 to 15 years old (P (P> 0.05). There was no significant difference between urban and rural students in 50m race (P> 0.05), and the endurance traits in rural aged 16-18 were better than that in urban <0.05). Compared with the urban age group in the age group of 7 to 12 years, the pliable quality was higher than that in the rural area (P <0.05), and the explosive force of the lower limbs in the age group of 16 to 18 years was higher than that in the urban area (P <0.05). Conclusion The gap between physical development and physiological index of urban and rural students aged 7-18 in Chengdu is gradually narrowing.