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武夷山保存了典型的中亚热带原生性森林生态系统。由于以往研究的空间和时间尺度较小,方法规范性不强,该地区尚缺少大型的、规范的综合性观测和研究平台。本文依托环境保护部南京环境科学研究所等单位按照CTFS调查技术规范建立的武夷山中亚热带常绿阔叶林9.6 ha动态监测样地开展植物群落调查,从物种组成、区系特征、径级结构和空间分布格局等方面分析了其群落特征。结果表明:样地内有维管植物68科135属232种,其中乔木层内胸径≥1 cm的植物有44科86属171种。热带性质的科和属分别占总科数和总属数的68.58%和58.83%,热带特征明显。珍稀濒危物种较多,有4种国家II级重点保护野生植物、2种《中国生物多样性红色名录——高等植物卷》中的“近危”物种、1种《濒危野生动植物种国际贸易公约》(CITES)附录II物种以及72种中国特有物种,具有较高的保护和研究价值。稀有种29种,占总树种数的16.96%。重要值最大的科是壳斗科和山茶科,二者的重要值之和大于40%。米槠(Castanopsis carlesii)、毛锥(C.fordii)、甜槠(C.eyrei)和少叶黄杞(Engelhardtia fenzlii)的重要值较大,但没有明显的优势种。小径木较多,所有个体的平均胸径为5.10 cm,整体径级分布呈倒J形。乔木层可分为两个亚层,米槠、毛锥、甜槠等在第I亚层中占优势。米槠和毛锥呈均匀分布,甜槠、少叶黄杞、赤楠(Syzygium buxifolium)和木荷(Schima superba)呈聚集分布。
Wuyishan preserves the typical subtropical forest ecosystem. Due to the small space and time scale of previous studies and the poor standardization of methods, there is still a lack of a large, normative comprehensive observation and research platform in this area. Based on the dynamic monitoring plots of 9.6 ha in Wuyi Mountain subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest established according to the CTFS investigation technical specifications, the author conducted a survey of plant communities based on the species composition, flora characteristics, diameter structure and Spatial distribution patterns and other aspects of the analysis of the community characteristics. The results showed that there were 232 vascular plants belonging to 135 genera and 68 families. Among them, there were 44 families, 86 genera and 171 species in the arbor layer. The tropical families and genera account for 68.58% and 58.83% of the total and total genera, respectively. The tropical features are obvious. There are more rare and endangered species, there are 4 kinds of national key protected wild plants II, 2 kinds of “China Biodiversity Red List - Higher Plants Volume” in the “near danger” species, a "endangered species of wild flora and fauna International Trade Convention (CITES) Appendix II species and 72 endemic species in China, with high protection and research value. 29 kinds of rare species, accounting for 16.96% of the total number of species. The families with the most important value are the Fagaceae and Camellia, and the sum of their important values is more than 40%. Castanopsis carlesii, C. bovinii, C. eyrei and Engelhardtia fenzlii are of great importance but have no obvious dominant species. Small diameter wood more, all individuals with an average breast diameter of 5.10 cm, the overall size distribution was inverted J-shaped. Tree layer can be divided into two sub-layers, rice crab, Mao Cone, sweet crab in the first sub-layer in the dominant. Rice clumps and hair clumps were evenly distributed, with Syzygium buxifolium and Schima superba aggregated and distributed.