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美国法上“共谋与联合”限制贸易概念作为《谢尔曼法》规制违法的核心术语,在该法出台前其基本内涵及适用对象就已经成型,其生成受到了英国普通法美国化和各州制定法自主创新这两个并行过程的深刻影响,其中制定法的作用突出。制定法的自主创新主要体现在对“联合”概念的适用对象和经济行业的特殊规定上,尤其是对英国法上对早期劳工“共谋与联合”提高工资或工作条件案件的矫正态度上。对“共谋与联合”限制贸易现象的规制,体现了强烈的适时性特征——及时有效地涵盖并规制了当时美国社会经济生活中主要的违法限制贸易类型,“普尔”与“托拉斯”联合体——同时亦体现了美国处理英国普通法传统之继受与创新关系的成功模式,“一切从现实中来到实践中去”。在此基础上,笔者逆向判断了源自美国法上的“公共利益”标准在我国《反垄断法》适用中的可能及其范围。
As the core term of the “Sherman Act” regulating trade, the basic connotation and applicable objects of the United States Act before the introduction of the Act have been shaped and its production has been subject to the common law of the United States And the independent development of state statutes, the two parallel processes profound impact, including the role of statute prominence. The independent innovation in the formulation of laws is mainly reflected in the application of the concept of “union” and the special provisions of the economic industry, especially in the case of the British law that increases wages or working conditions in early labor, “conspiracy and association” Corrective attitude. The regulation of trade restrictions on “conspiracy and alliance” embodies a strong characteristic of timely and timely coverage and regulation of the major types of trade illegally restricted in the U.S. socio-economic life at the time, The Trust also shows the success of the United States in handling the relationship between succession and innovation in the common law tradition in the United Kingdom and everything from reality to practice. On this basis, the author reversely judges the possibility and scope of the “public interest ” standard derived from the United States law in the application of the “Anti-monopoly Law” in our country.