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比较文学学科建立的基础是可比性,同样,比较文学学派建立的基础也是可比性,然而,国内外学术界对此认识并不清楚。目前的国内外比较文学专著与教材对此都语焉不详。比较文学这门学科名称中的“比较”二字在学科发展历程中引起过诸多误解和争论,其争论的实质问题实则是“比较”的含义是什么,或明确些:比较文学的可比性在哪里?因此,可以说,可比性是比较文学研究的最基本立足点和出发点,是比较文学学科理论的一个基本问题,是比较文学学科的生命线,是比较文学学派建立的根本。法国学派、美国学派,以及中国学派之所以在比较文学学科发展史上得以相继确立,便是因三个学派中的学者对比较文学的可比性各有明确的界定和清楚的认识。
The basis for the establishment of comparative literature disciplines is comparability. Similarly, the foundation for the establishment of comparative literature school is also comparability. However, it is not clear to scholars at home and abroad about this. At present, no comparative literary monographs and textbooks at home and abroad are absent. The word “comparative” in the subject of comparative literature has caused many misunderstandings and controversies in the course of its development. The substance of the debate is actually what the meaning of “comparison” is, or is it clear: comparative literature Therefore, it can be said that comparability is the most basic foothold and starting point of comparative literature research. It is a basic issue of comparative literature theory, the lifeline of comparative literature, and the foundation of comparative literature school. The reason why the French School, the American School and the Chinese School have been established in the history of comparative literature are that each of the three schools of scholars has a clear definition and a clear understanding of the comparability of comparative literature.