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石油是现代生活中不可或缺的重要能源,有“黑金”之称。我国是世界上最早发现和利用石油的国家之一。有关石油的最早记载见于1900年前东汉班固所著的《汉书·地理志》:“高奴县有洧水可燃。”高奴县即陕西延安一带,洧水是延河的支流。这里明确记载了石油的产地,并说明石油是可以燃烧的液体。最早采集和利用石油的记载是南朝范哗所著的《后汉书·郡国志》。此书在延寿县部分(酒泉郡延寿县,今甘肃省玉门一带)载有:
Oil is an indispensable and important energy source in modern life. It is called “black gold”. Our country is one of the earliest countries in the world to find and utilize oil. The earliest record of oil can be found in “Han Geographical Records” written by the Eastern Han Dynasty before 1900: “Gao Nuxian County has flamboyant water.” Gao Nuxian is the area along Yan’an in Shaanxi Province. Huangshui is a tributary of the Yan River. Here clearly records the origin of oil, and shows that oil is a liquid that can be burned. The earliest records of the collection and use of oil is written by the Southern Fan Lao “post-Han country records.” This book in the Yanshou County part (Jiuquan County Yanshou County, now Gansu Yumen area) contains: