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《德国民法典》承揽合同法中,建筑承包人的瑕疵告知义务可定位于依诚信原则而发生的附随义务。由于诚信原则的模糊特征,承包人的瑕疵告知义务尚需结合个案情境作必要的展开。承包人应检查而未检查、可以发现而没有发现瑕疵、发现瑕疵而没有告知的,均应承担不利的法律后果。对此,可以一个理性的承包人为参照,综合考虑合同确定的义务范围、承包人所应具备的通常专业水平、发包人的专业化程度,并同时受到“可苛求性”条件的限制作出判断。不履行瑕疵告知义务且建筑物有瑕疵,则建筑承包人不能免于承担瑕疵责任,其法律后果通常为消除瑕疵;如果瑕疵无法消除,则应承担相应的赔偿责任。德国审判实践中发展出的通行做法是适用于有过错规则,兼顾承包人违反告知义务的强度和发包人应负责的情势,确定在具体情况下双方损害的分担和各自赔偿义务的范围。
“German Civil Code” contract law, construction contractors flaw notification obligations can be located in accordance with the principle of good faith and the accompanying obligations. Due to the vague characteristics of the principle of good faith, the defects of the contractor’s obligation to inform still need to be combined with the case to make the necessary circumstances. Contractor shall be checked without inspection, can be found without finding defects, found flaws without informing, should bear unfavorable legal consequences. In this regard, a reasonable contractor as a reference, considering the contract to determine the scope of obligations, the contractor should have the usual professional level, the degree of specialization of the contractor, and at the same time be “demanding ” conditions to make restrictions judgment. Failure to perform the obligation of notification of flaws and the building is flawed, the construction contractor can not be exempt from flaw liability, the legal consequences are usually to eliminate flaws; if the flaw can not be eliminated, you should bear the corresponding liability. The common practice developed in German trial practice is to apply the rules of fault, to take into account the strength of the contractors in violation of the obligation of informing and the circumstances under which the employer should be held responsible, and to determine the scope of the share of damages and the respective liability for compensation under the specific circumstances.