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随着电子计算机技术的飞速发展和在工农业中的广泛应用,世界正面临着一场人类历史上最伟大的技术革命。人们将这场革命称之为“第四次工业革命”或“第三次浪潮”。“第三次浪潮”的说法是由美国著名社会学家阿尔文·托夫勒1980年出版的《第三次浪潮》一书而来的。他从人类社会生产力发展的角度出发,认为人类社会发展迄今已经历了两次技术革命浪潮。“第一次浪潮”为农业革命,前后经历了几千年之久,使人类从渔猎时代进入了以种植业为基础的“农业社会”。“第二次浪潮”为以蒸汽机和纺织机的诞生为标志的“工业革命”,使人类社会由“农业社会”进入了“工业社会”,历经了三百多年。工业社会里,人们的体力劳动越来越多地被机械所代替,商品生产成为社会主要经济特征,金钱主宰了一切。市场和商店成为人类生活的中心。
With the rapid development of computer technology and its wide application in industry and agriculture, the world is facing the greatest technological revolution in human history. People call this revolution “the fourth industrial revolution” or “the third wave.” The phrase “third wave” came from the book The Third Wave, published by the famous American sociologist Alvin Toffler in 1980. From the perspective of the development of the productive forces of human society, he believed that the development of human society has gone through two waves of technological revolution so far. The First Wave was an agricultural revolution that had been going on for thousands of years before moving mankind into a “farming society” based on crop farming from the hunting and hunting era. The “Second Wave” is an “industrial revolution” marked by the birth of steam engines and textile machines. It has brought human society into an “industrial society” from “agricultural society” for more than three hundred years. In industrial society, people’s manual labor is increasingly replaced by machinery, and the production of goods becomes the main economic characteristic of society, and money dominates everything. Markets and shops have become the center of human life.