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[目的]研究钾肥用量对油菜产量、生物学特性及钾肥利用效率的影响。[方法]以零水平为对照,设置9个钾肥用量水平,在云南9个不同生态类型的油菜产区组织3次重复的单因素随机区组联合大田试验。[结果]云南油菜适量施用钾肥能够提高籽粒产量,钾肥用量为150-180kgK2O/hm2时,油菜产量可达到3983-4151kg,比K0对照增产4.7%-9.1%,并在K165处理处出现产量峰值;每施用K2O1kg,可增加油菜籽粒产量559kg,纯利润达到1229元/hm2,产投比达到1:1.95,钾肥偏生产力达到31.32kg/kgK2O,钾肥农学利用率达到3.7kg/kgK2O;施钾可促使油菜健壮生长,具有增果实、增粒、促进籽粒充实的作用。[结论]云南油菜钾肥高产高效生产的适宜推荐范围为150-180kg K2O/hm2。但综合考虑产量和效益等因素,云南省适宜K2O施用量在73.9kg/hm2左右,陇川、玉龙和临翔产区及条件类似产区应适当增加到100kg/hm2左右较为合理。
[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of potassium fertilizer on rapeseed yield, biological characteristics and potassium utilization efficiency. [Method] With zero level as control, 9 levels of potash fertilizer were set up and 3 repeated single factor randomized block combined field trials were conducted in nine rapeseed producing areas of Yunnan. [Result] Appling K fertilizer could improve grain yield of Yunnan rapeseed. When potassium fertilizer was 150-180kgK2O / hm2, the yield of rapeseed could reach 3983-4151kg, increased by 4.7% -9.1% compared with K0, and the peak appeared at K165 treatment. The yield of rapeseed reached 557kg and the net profit reached 1229yuan / hm2, the ratio of production to production reached 1: 1.95, the partial productivity of potash reached 31.32kg / kgK2O and the rate of agronomic utilization of potash reached 3.7kg / kgK2O. Rape robust growth, with increased fruit, by grain, and promote the role of grain enrichment. [Conclusion] The suitable recommended range for high yield and high efficiency production of Yunnan rapeseed potash fertilizer was 150-180kg K2O / hm2. However, taking into account factors such as yield and benefits, the appropriate K2O application rate in Yunnan Province is about 73.9kg / hm2, and it is reasonable to increase the appropriate output to 100kg / hm2 in Longchuan, Yulong and Linxiang producing areas and similar producing areas.