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“缄默知识”(Tacit Knowledge)这个概念,是1958年英国著名物理化学家和思想家波兰尼(M．Polanyi, 1891-1976)在《人的研究》一书中首次明确提出的。“缄默知识”(又称“默会的知识”、“内隐的知识”),主要是相对于显性知识而言。它是一种只可意会不可言传的知识,是一种经常使用却又不能通过语言文字符号予以清晰表达或直接传递的知识。波兰尼在研究缄默知识的时候曾注意到它与教学的关系。他一方面认为显性知识主要是通过教学活动得以传递,另一方面认为这种显性知识的传递只有通过缄默知识的应用才能获得成
The concept of “Tacit Knowledge” was first explicitly put forward in 1958 by M. Polanyi (1891-1976), a famous physicist and thinker in the United Kingdom. “Tacit knowledge” (aka “tacit knowledge”, “implicit knowledge”) is mainly relative to explicit knowledge. It is a kind of knowledge that can only be understood and can not be expressed. It is a kind of knowledge that is often used but can not be clearly expressed or transmitted through language symbols. Polanyi noticed its relationship with teaching when studying tacit knowledge. On the one hand, he believes that explicit knowledge is mainly delivered through teaching activities, and on the other hand, the transmission of such explicit knowledge can only be achieved through the application of tacit knowledge