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正常的精子发生是一个由多种因子参与的精密、有序调控的生理过程。精原干细胞的自我更新维持了精原干细胞本身数量的稳定,而其分化成为精原祖细胞的节奏保障了形成精子的规模。睾丸微环境(niche)在精原干细胞自我更新和分化过程中起着举足轻重的作用。该文简要描述了精子发生过程中精原干细胞及其微环境形成过程中所涉及的主要细胞因子及其调控机制,并探讨了该研究过程中所遇到的问题,最后展望了相关基础研究在临床医疗和科学研究领域中的应用前景。
Normal spermatogenesis is a sophisticated, well-regulated physiological process involving multiple factors. The self-renewal of spermatogonial stem cells maintains the stable number of spermatogonial stem cells themselves, and their differentiation into spermatogonial progenitor cells ensures the formation of sperm. The testis microenvironment plays a decisive role in the self-renewal and differentiation of spermatogonial stem cells. This article briefly describes the main cytokines involved in the process of spermatogenesis and its microenvironment during the process of spermatogenesis and its regulatory mechanism, and discusses the problems encountered in the process of the study, and finally prospects the relevant basic research in Clinical medical and scientific research in the field of application prospects.