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遗传改良是人参育种的重要手段之一,而遗传转化和再生体系的建立是开展人参遗传改良工作的前提和基础。人参植株再生可以通过器官发生和体细胞胚发生,间接体细胞胚发生是人参植株再生的主要途径,从不同外植体,不同碳源,体细胞胚优化和无激素再生等方面进行了综述。在人参遗传转化方面,发根农杆菌和根癌农杆菌对人参的遗传转化均已成功,人参皂苷合成途径中的关键酶基因和抗除草剂基因也已陆续导入人参,得到了遗传改良的转化人参。发根培养系统可用于大量生产人参皂苷,讨论了rolC基因对人参发根诱导的作用,发根植株再生能力及生物反应器培养,最后指出了人参基因工程研究中存在的问题。
Genetic improvement is one of the important means of ginseng breeding. The establishment of genetic transformation and regeneration system is the prerequisite and basis for ginseng genetic improvement. Ginseng plant regeneration can occur through organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. Indirect somatic embryogenesis is the main way to regenerate ginseng plant. The explants from different explants, different carbon sources, somatic embryo optimization and hormone-free regeneration are reviewed. In the genetic transformation of ginseng, Agrobacterium rhizogenes and Agrobacterium tumefaciens have all been successfully transformed into ginseng, and the key enzyme genes and herbicide resistance genes in the ginsenoside synthesis pathway have also been introduced into ginseng successively to obtain the genetically modified transformation Ginseng. The hair root culture system can be used for mass production of ginsenosides. The effects of rolC gene on the induction of hairy roots of ginseng, the regeneration ability of hairy roots and the bioreactor culture were discussed. Finally, the problems in genetic engineering of ginseng were pointed out.