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采用丙型肝炎病毒（ＨＣＶ）Ｅ区、Ｃ区、ＮＳ３区单克隆及多克隆抗体以及丙型肝炎患者血清及血清中ＩｇＧ抗体作为特异性第一抗体，分别应用ＬＳＡＤ、改良ＰＡＰ及直接酶标法对６５例丙型肝炎患者肝组织冰冻及石蜡包埋标本进行ＨＣＶ抗原检测，其中以ＮＳ３区抗体、ＬＳＡＢ法的检测结果较为理想（检出率２７．７％～２９．２％）。ＨＣＶ抗原呈肝细胞胞浆弥漫型、胞核型及胞浆类包涵体型表达。阳性肝细胞多呈单个散在分布。急性丙型肝炎比慢性丙型肝炎的ＨＣＶ抗原检出率更高且抗原颗粒的分布与病理损伤呈正相关，炎症区浸润的淋巴细胞中可见阳性颗粒；而慢性丙型肝炎肝组织中ＨＣＶ抗原与病理损伤无明显关联；支持急性丙型肝炎的肝细胞损伤由病毒的直接作用及免疫攻击协同所致，而慢性丙型肝炎则以免疫反应引起肝细胞持续损伤为主。胞浆弥漫型ＨＣＶ抗原表达是急性或活动性病变时的主要表达形式，而胞核型ＨＣＶ抗原表达多见于病变静止期。
The monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal antibodies of E, C and NS3 of hepatitis C virus (HCV) and the serum and serum IgG of patients with hepatitis C were used as specific primary antibodies. LSAD, modified PAP and direct enzyme labeling Methods HCV antigen was detected in 65 cases of hepatitis C patients with frozen and paraffin embedded specimens. Among them, NS3 antibody and LSAB method showed good results (detection rate 27.7% -29.2%). HCV antigen was diffuse hepatocyte cytoplasm, nuclear and cytoplasmic inclusion body type expression. Positive hepatocytes were mostly single scattered distribution. The detection rate of HCV antigen in chronic hepatitis C was higher than that in chronic hepatitis C, the distribution of antigen particles was positively correlated with the pathological damage, positive particles were found in infiltrating lymphocytes in chronic hepatitis C, There was no significant correlation between the pathological changes and the injury of hepatocytes supporting acute hepatitis C, which was caused by the direct effect of virus and the coordination of immune attack. Chronic hepatitis C mainly caused the persistent damage of hepatocytes caused by immune response. Cytoplasmic diffuse HCV antigen expression is the main expression of acute or active lesions, while the expression of nuclear type HCV antigen more common in quiescent lesions.