目的通过了解长沙市4~6年级小学生对自我体形认知状况,分析其与儿童青少年每日体力活动时间的关系,为制定学生健康教育措施提供依据。方法利用自行设计的问卷,采用多阶段分层随机整群抽样方法,于2012年3月在长沙市16所小学4~6年级共抽取2 224名小学生进行问卷调查和身高体重的测量。结果总样本人群中,男生超重、肥胖的检出率分别为16.2%、9.4%,女生为6.5%、3.9%;83.2%的学生可正确认知自己的体形,相较于男生,女生更能够正确地认知自我体形;肥胖与超重的学生较体形正常者更容易低估自己的体形。体力活动时间结果显示,肥胖的学生相较于其他学生更不积极参加体力活动。有49.4%的学生每天参加体力活动时间低于1 h。结论超重或肥胖的小学生容易低估自己的体形,更不积极参加体力活动。在开展儿童肥胖预防项目中,应在健康教育内容中加入体形的评估,并鼓励学生参加体育锻炼。 Objective To understand the cognitive status of self-shape of grade 4 to 6 primary school students in Changsha and analyze their relationship with the daily physical activity time of children and adolescents, so as to provide the basis for formulating the health education measures for students. Methods Using self-designed questionnaire and multi-stage stratified random cluster sampling method, a total of 2,242 primary school students were sampled from grades 4 to 6 of 16 primary schools in Changsha City in March 2012 for questionnaire survey and height and weight measurement. Results Among the total sample population, the prevalence of overweight and obesity in boys was 16.2% and 9.4% respectively, and that of girls was 6.5% and 3.9% respectively. 83.2% of students were able to correctly recognize their body shape, compared with boys and girls Correct understanding of self-shape; obese and overweight students more likely to underestimate their body shape. Physical activity time results show that obese students are less active than other students participating in physical activity. 49.4% of students participate in physical activity every day for less than 1 h. Conclusion Overweight or obese primary school students tend to underestimate their physique, but not actively participate in physical activity. In developing child obesity prevention programs, physique assessment should be included in health education content and students should be encouraged to participate in physical exercise.