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进化论作为晚清变化与革命思潮的重要观念,得力于严复所翻译的《天演论》。严复并非简单地迻译,而是通过对道家、《易经》的理解,将社会进化论诠释为一种自然主义的宇宙进化论。但他并没有否定政治的矫正作用,相反,他认为人类是可以通过教化与治理,进化成为一种文明的社会形态。晚清的维新派与革命派虽然撷取了社会进化的观念,却在此基础上嫁接了文化民族主义与种族主义,从而产生出截然对立的两条社会进化路线,这也最终背离了严复以西方现代文明作为参照标准的进化目标。
As an important concept of the change of the late Qing Dynasty and the revolutionary trend of thought, the theory of evolution is effective in the “Evolution and Evolution Theory” translated by Yan Fu. Instead of simply translating, Yan Fu interpreted the theory of social evolution as a kind of naturalistic cosmic evolution through his understanding of Taoism and Yi Jing. However, he did not negate the corrective function of politics. On the contrary, he believes that mankind can evolve into a civilized social form through education and governance. Although the late Qing reformers and revolutionary seized the idea of social evolution, they grafted cultural nationalism and racism on this basis, resulting in two diametrically opposed social evolutionary lines, which eventually departed from Yan Fuzhi The Evolution of Western Modern Civilization as a Reference Standard.