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目的分析西安市儿童医院葡萄球菌的分布及耐药性。方法医院患者各类感染标本中分离出的葡萄球菌506株,用VITEK-32型全自动微生物分析仪进行细菌鉴定,用琼脂纸片扩散(K-B)法进行药敏试验。结果儿童感染的葡萄球菌中,金黄色葡萄球菌占52.4%,其中,耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA)为54.3%;住院患者的金黄色葡萄球菌中MRSA占64.3%,门诊患者的MRSA占20.6%;尿标本的金黄色葡萄球菌中MRSA检出率最高(83.3%)。凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(CNS)中耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS)检出率为85.6%;住院患者CNS中MRCNS占90.8%,门诊患者MRCNS占62.2%;来自血液标本的CNS中MRCNS检出率最高(93.0%)。CNS的分布以表皮葡萄球菌为主(46.5%)。MRSA对β-内酰胺类、喹诺酮类、大环内酯类、氨基糖苷类和四环素有很高的耐药率,均达80.0%以上。MRCNS除氯霉素及利福平外,对所测抗菌药物耐药率均在50.0%以上。结论标本来源不同,葡萄球菌的分布也不同。葡萄球菌耐药率有所上升,对不同抗菌药物耐药性有较大差异。
Objective To analyze the distribution and drug resistance of staphylococcus in Children’s Hospital of Xi’an. Methods A total of 506 Staphylococcus aureus isolates from various infected patients were identified. The bacteria were identified by VITEK-32 automatic microbiological analyzer and antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed by K-B method. Results Staphylococcus aureus in children infected accounted for 52.4% of Staphylococcus aureus, of which methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) was 54.3%; hospitalized patients with Staphylococcus aureus MRSA accounted for 64.3% of outpatients with MRSA Accounting for 20.6%. The highest MRSA detection rate was found in Staphylococcus aureus (83.3%). The detection rate of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococcus aureus (MRCNS) in coagulase-negative staphylococci (CNS) was 85.6%. MRCNS in CNS was 90.8% in hospitalized patients and MRSNS was 62.2% in outpatients. CNS from blood samples MRCNS the highest detection rate (93.0%). The distribution of CNS was mainly Staphylococcus epidermidis (46.5%). MRSA has high resistance rate to β-lactams, quinolones, macrolides, aminoglycosides and tetracycline, reaching over 80.0%. MRCNS addition to chloramphenicol and rifampicin, the tested antimicrobial resistance rates were above 50.0%. Conclusion The origin of different samples, Staphylococcus distribution is also different. Staphylococcus aureus resistance rates have increased, different antibacterial drug resistance are quite different.