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观察是有目的、有计划、比较持久的知觉。我们知道,人的认识活动是从感知开始的,感知得到的大量感性材料是思维的直接基础,而观察是知觉的一种特殊形式。它既具有和知觉一样的对当前事物反映的直观性,又具有比一般知觉更大的理解性。因为在观察前要明确目的任务;在观察中要分出事物中不甚显著的特性及各特性之间的联系;在观察后要进行总结。整个观察过程,都需要有思维积极的参加。因此,观察也称为“思维的知觉”。
Observation is purposeful, planned, and lasting perception. We know that human cognition activities begin with perception. The perception of a large number of sensible materials is the direct basis of thinking, and observation is a special form of perception. It not only has the same intuitive perception of current things as perception, but also has greater understanding than ordinary perception. Because in the observation before the task should be clear; in the observation to distinguish between the characteristics of the things that are not significant and the connection between the characteristics; after the observation to be summarized. The entire observation process requires positive and active participation. Therefore, observation is also referred to as “the perception of thinking.”