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本文在元、明、清、民国、当代五个时期大规模本土文献和域外文献的支撑下,对敬称代词“您”的语源及发展路径进行了系统考察。通过对本土材料和域外材料的验证比照,我们将“您”的发展路径归纳为:你老人家>你老>你那/你能>您纳>您,共四个阶段。本文分别从语法和语音演变两个角度进行了阐释,将敬称代词“nín”的文献首现时间提前至19世纪初,并对“你呢”、“你你”、“你能”和“儜”等早期第二人称表敬形式的来源予以了合理解释。本研究不仅进一步丰富了第二人称敬称代词的类型学研究,也为今后的北京话研究和近代汉语研究提供了新的视角。
Under the support of large-scale local literature and extra-regional literature in the five periods of Yuan, Ming, Qing, Republic of China and contemporary China, the essay systematically examines the etymology and development path of the nominal pronoun “you ”. Through the verification of local materials and extraterrestrial materials, we summarize the development path of “you ” as: your old people> you are old> you / you can> you satisfied> you, a total of four stages. This article elaborates from two angles of grammar and phonetic evolution respectively, and advances the time of first respecting literary pronouns “nín” to the beginning of the 19th century, and expounds the meaning of “you”, “your you”, “ The origins of early second person forms of salvation, such as ”Can You“ and ”儜", are properly explained. This study not only further enriches the typology of second-person deputies, but also provides a new perspective for the study of Beijing dialect and modern Chinese.