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克服近代欧洲思想领域内出现的危机,消除意识形态种种偏见,是曼海姆意识形态理论的出场背景。曼海姆对意识形态的分析,首先从意识形态这一概念入手展开分析。通过对特定意识形态与总体意识形态内涵以及两者之间关系的分析,曼海姆提出克服意识形态偏见之两条路径:一是知识社会学的分析方法;二是依赖于“自由漂浮”知识分子的力量。他在完成将马克思对意识形态的分析引向知识社会学的分析道路的同时,也暴露其理论的内在缺陷和理想主义的成分。
Overcoming the crises emerging in the field of modern European thought and eliminating the prejudices of ideology is the backdrop for Mannheim’s ideological theory. Mannheim’s analysis of ideology begins with an analysis of the concept of ideology. By analyzing the connotation of the specific ideology and the overall ideology as well as the relationship between the two, Mannheim proposes two ways to overcome the ideological prejudice: one is the sociology of knowledge analysis; the other is relying on the “free floating ”The power of intellectuals. At the same time of completing the analysis of Marx’s ideology toward the sociology of knowledge, he also revealed the inherent defects of his theory and the elements of idealism.