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分析了以卡塞格林(卡式)望远系统作为光学天线时,大气激光通信捕获、对准和跟踪系统中四象限光电探测器光敏面上环形光斑位置检测的误差问题。基于光斑中心遮挡与死区感应光能量的等同效应,理论推导了入射环形光斑偏移量与光斑中心坐标、探测器死区宽度和环形光斑内外圆半径之间关系的数学模型。数值仿真和实验结果表明:与完整高斯光斑相比,环形光斑的探测线性范围较小,检测灵敏度较低。根据实验条件选择合适的卡式光学天线或光斑半径,使遮光比为30%时探测器的探测线性范围最大,不会出现非线性误差。所提环形光斑误差补偿算法克服了光斑中心遮挡带来的位置检测误差,探测器探测精度可达0.0015mm。
The error of position detection of annular spot on the photosensitive surface of a four-quadrant photodetector in the capture, alignment and tracking system of atmospheric laser communication is analyzed when the Cassegrain telescope system is used as an optical antenna. Based on the equivalent effect of spot center occlusion and dead zone induced light energy, a mathematical model of the relationship between the incident circular spot offset and the center coordinates of the spot, the width of the detector dead zone and the radius of the inner and outer circumferences of the annular spot is derived theoretically. Numerical simulation and experimental results show that, compared with the complete Gaussian flare, the detection range of annular flare is smaller and the detection sensitivity is lower. According to the experimental conditions, choose the appropriate optical fiber or optical card radius, the detection rate of 30% of the light shielding ratio of the maximum linear range, non-linear error will not occur. The proposed annular spot error compensation algorithm overcomes the position detection error brought by the spot center occlusion, and the detector detection precision can reach 0.0015mm.