社会化是个体在与社会环境相互作用中获得他所生存的社会必须掌握的各种行为规范、价值观念和知识技能,成长为独立的社会成员的过程。儿童逐步实现社会化的过程也是儿童身心发展的过程。当儿童成长为合格的社会成员之后,他又肩负起对下一代进行社会化的重任,同时还在继续自身的再社会化。社会化既有利于儿童的社会适应,又保证了社会文化的积累与传递。作为社会细胞的家庭是儿童社会化最初的和最重要的场所。家庭除满足儿童基本的生存需求之外,还为儿童提供情感的支持,规范儿童的社会行为,传授生活经验和社会技能。同时,社会的信仰、价值观念 Socialization is the process by which an individual gains all kinds of behaviors, values, knowledge and skills that must be grasped by the society in which he lives in the interaction with the social environment and grows into an independent social member. The gradual socialization of children is also a process of children’s physical and mental development. Once a child has grown into a qualified member of the community, he again shoulders the task of socializing the next generation while continuing to re-socialize itself. Socialization not only benefits children’s social adaptation, but also ensures the accumulation and transmission of social culture. Families as social cells are the first and most important place for children’s socialization. In addition to satisfying children’s basic survival needs, families also provide emotional support to children, regulate children’s social behavior, and impart life experience and social skills. At the same time, social beliefs, values