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江苏省高考的书面表达题要求广大的考生在阅读所给情景后写一篇150个单词左右的短文。情景的形式包括图表、图画、提纲、信函、短文等。首先要求考生对所给出的情景写出30字左右的摘要。这个对广大考生来说要求比较高。考生要读懂所给出的情景,摘要必须概括所有内容,还不能照抄所给材料的原句。如果考生能领悟命题的要求,加上平时的写作积累和限时训练,也是完全有可能在有限的时间里写出打动阅卷老师的文章,从而获得高分的。下面笔者就来谈谈如何让你的摘要写得出彩。
一、论审题的重要性
考生应快速阅读所给材料,准确把握所给材料的意图及所给文字的主要内容,考生一定要明确针对什么材料进行摘要写作。免得偏题或者漏要点。例如:2015写作题所给材料有文字有图表,要求用约30个单词概述上述所给信息的主要内容;2017年写作题也给出了文字与柱状图,但是只要概述柱状图信息的主要内容;2014、2016、2018年的书面表达题可以归为观點表达类。即材料描写的是一种社会现象或新的潮流,加上大众对该社会现象的观点。针对这种类型的摘要写作就必须指明文章反应的是什么社会现象,再加上大众的观点,30字摘要就完成了。如果审题不清,势必会偏题,徒劳一场。
二、常用提出现象句型
在摘要写作时我们需要一个适当的句型来引出本文要表达的社会现象或问题,以下的句型可以起到很好的导入作用。
1. With the popularization of …, people can have quick and easy access to …
2. In recent years, an increasing number of people have turned to …
三、常用表达不同观点句型
观点类的摘要需要表达大众的观点,我们可以概括,但不能太详细,请看以下的句子可是如何概括各方观点的。
1. Heated discussion has been generated by this phenomenon. It is held by some people that … However, others disagree with the view mentioned above. They argue that …
2. Different opinions can be perceived with regard to this phenomenon. One voice is that … In contrast, other people argue that …
四、对原文内容的转换方法
摘要不能照抄所给出材料的原句。我们应该用自己的句子来表达,或者针对原句进行改写。以下请看一些改写的方法。
词与词之间的转换:
1.形容词转换为名词( be adj.=be of n.)。
This social phenomenon is very important.
?This social phenomenon is of great importance.
2.动词转换为名词。
Our city has changed a lot these years.
?Great changes have taken place in my city these years.
词与从句的转换:
As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.
?Tired and hungry, the boy was reluctant to go ahead.
非谓语动词与从句之间的转换:
1. 动名词和从句的转换( when=on doing)
When he finished his study, he wrote a report.?Upon finishing his study, he wrote a report.
2.分词和从句的转换。
(1)现在分词与从句的转换。
As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.
?Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.
(2) 过去分词与从句的转换。
Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten. ?Once seen, it will never be forgotten.
五、书写到位,展示才华
书写就是你的一张名片,能否让阅卷老师对你印象大好,你要注意做到这几点:字母书写大小一致、字字饱满;高低一致、凸显层次;间隔一致、单词之间隔开一个字母的距离;方向一致、字字落地;卷面做到无涂改。能做到书写优美的考生,相信一定也能使自己的文章完美地呈现在阅卷老师面前。
六、高级句型,奠定档次
高级句型不是长难句,不是句型复杂的句子。如果你让阅卷老师读你的文章读不懂,你的麻烦就大了。你写出来的句子必须是符合英语语言习惯的,是地道的英语句型,让人读起来流畅易懂。以下介绍一下考生可以学习使用的句型。
1.独立主格结构, 中心句。
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
2. It pays to do ... 做某事是值得的。
It pays to keep up to date with your work.
3. An advantage of doing... is that...
An advantage of living in a small town is that you can enjoy the fresh air.
总之,在写作的路上,没有捷径,唯有关注高考命题方向与要求,平时注意积累素材,多多背诵好词好句,勤快练习,写后能精心修改,方能使自己的作品出彩!
【作者简介】严海燕,西安交通大学苏州附属中学。
一、论审题的重要性
考生应快速阅读所给材料,准确把握所给材料的意图及所给文字的主要内容,考生一定要明确针对什么材料进行摘要写作。免得偏题或者漏要点。例如:2015写作题所给材料有文字有图表,要求用约30个单词概述上述所给信息的主要内容;2017年写作题也给出了文字与柱状图,但是只要概述柱状图信息的主要内容;2014、2016、2018年的书面表达题可以归为观點表达类。即材料描写的是一种社会现象或新的潮流,加上大众对该社会现象的观点。针对这种类型的摘要写作就必须指明文章反应的是什么社会现象,再加上大众的观点,30字摘要就完成了。如果审题不清,势必会偏题,徒劳一场。
二、常用提出现象句型
在摘要写作时我们需要一个适当的句型来引出本文要表达的社会现象或问题,以下的句型可以起到很好的导入作用。
1. With the popularization of …, people can have quick and easy access to …
2. In recent years, an increasing number of people have turned to …
三、常用表达不同观点句型
观点类的摘要需要表达大众的观点,我们可以概括,但不能太详细,请看以下的句子可是如何概括各方观点的。
1. Heated discussion has been generated by this phenomenon. It is held by some people that … However, others disagree with the view mentioned above. They argue that …
2. Different opinions can be perceived with regard to this phenomenon. One voice is that … In contrast, other people argue that …
四、对原文内容的转换方法
摘要不能照抄所给出材料的原句。我们应该用自己的句子来表达,或者针对原句进行改写。以下请看一些改写的方法。
词与词之间的转换:
1.形容词转换为名词( be adj.=be of n.)。
This social phenomenon is very important.
?This social phenomenon is of great importance.
2.动词转换为名词。
Our city has changed a lot these years.
?Great changes have taken place in my city these years.
词与从句的转换:
As he was tired and hungry, the boy was unwilling to move on.
?Tired and hungry, the boy was reluctant to go ahead.
非谓语动词与从句之间的转换:
1. 动名词和从句的转换( when=on doing)
When he finished his study, he wrote a report.?Upon finishing his study, he wrote a report.
2.分词和从句的转换。
(1)现在分词与从句的转换。
As he was lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.
?Lying in the grass, he thought of his parents living in the countryside.
(2) 过去分词与从句的转换。
Once it is seen, it will never be forgotten. ?Once seen, it will never be forgotten.
五、书写到位,展示才华
书写就是你的一张名片,能否让阅卷老师对你印象大好,你要注意做到这几点:字母书写大小一致、字字饱满;高低一致、凸显层次;间隔一致、单词之间隔开一个字母的距离;方向一致、字字落地;卷面做到无涂改。能做到书写优美的考生,相信一定也能使自己的文章完美地呈现在阅卷老师面前。
六、高级句型,奠定档次
高级句型不是长难句,不是句型复杂的句子。如果你让阅卷老师读你的文章读不懂,你的麻烦就大了。你写出来的句子必须是符合英语语言习惯的,是地道的英语句型,让人读起来流畅易懂。以下介绍一下考生可以学习使用的句型。
1.独立主格结构, 中心句。
With so many different forms of poetry to choose from, students may eventually want to write poems of their own.
2. It pays to do ... 做某事是值得的。
It pays to keep up to date with your work.
3. An advantage of doing... is that...
An advantage of living in a small town is that you can enjoy the fresh air.
总之,在写作的路上,没有捷径,唯有关注高考命题方向与要求,平时注意积累素材,多多背诵好词好句,勤快练习,写后能精心修改,方能使自己的作品出彩!
【作者简介】严海燕,西安交通大学苏州附属中学。