日本的明治维新开始于1868年,其目的是要建立现代化的强国。它的第一个措施就是制定一项现代化的土地政策(土地所有制和所有权的整顿)作为现代化国家的基础。由于森林占有了大部分的国土面积,所以森林的所有制、权属、经营和利用问题自然也受到相应的重视。自十九世纪末至二十世纪前半期,日本国内曾发生多次动乱,对外曾 Japan’s Meiji Restoration started in 1868 with the aim of establishing a modern power. Its first measure was to formulate a modernized land policy (reorganization of land ownership and ownership) as the basis of a modernized nation. Since forests occupy most of the land area, the issues of ownership, tenure, management and utilization of forests naturally receive corresponding attention. Since the late nineteenth century and the first half of the twentieth century, many unrest in Japan has occurred.