目的探讨上消化道出血并发低钠性脑病的常见原因及防治方法。方法分析28例上消化道出血并发低钠性脑病患者的临床特点。结果28例患者中食管胃底的静脉曲张破裂出血患者21例,非食管胃底静脉曲张破裂出血患者7例;治疗前28例患者的血钠均低于135mmol/L,治疗后血钠均恢复正常。结论在临床应高度警惕本病的可能,当出血停止时,尽早恢复含盐饮食,平时输入的液体中必须含有生理需要钠量。 Objective To investigate the common causes and prevention and cure of upper gastrointestinal bleeding complicated with hyponatremic encephalopathy. Methods The clinical features of 28 patients with upper gastrointestinal bleeding complicated with hyponatremic encephalopathy were analyzed. Results Twenty-eight patients had esophageal variceal bleeding in 21 patients and non-esophagogastric variceal bleeding in seven patients. Before treatment, all the 28 patients had a serum sodium lower than 135 mmol / L, and the serum sodium levels recovered after treatment normal. Conclusion In clinical should be highly vigilant the possibility of this disease, when the bleeding stops, as soon as possible to restore salty diet, the liquid usually enter must contain physiological needs of sodium.