“世界体系理论”是对19世纪经典社会科学的否思理论,是西方学者对19世纪社会科学理论的批判。伊曼纽尔.沃勒斯坦正是这一理论的代表人物。本文通过分析沃勒斯坦对19世纪社会科学理论的否思,揭示出现代世界体系理论中的时间与空间观念,说明在我们的社会研究实践中,时间与空间观念是最基本也是我们最应该加以思考的概念范畴,因为它们是我们每一个社会研究工作者的世界观在认识论上的体现,更是我们研究世界的重要方法论。 “Theory of the World System ” is the disastrous theory of classic social science in the 19th century, and the criticism of western social science theory of the 19th century by western scholars. Emmanuel Wallerstein is the representative of this theory. By analyzing Wallerstein’s disregard of nineteenth-century theories of social science, this article reveals the concept of time and space in the theory of modern world system. It shows that the concept of time and space is the most fundamental and most important thing we should do in our social research practice Conceptual categories of thinking because they are the epistemological manifestation of the worldview of each of our social researchers and more important methodologies for our study of the world.