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作为当代先进生产力代表的企业家阶层,历来是推动各国现代化的中坚力量。中国的社会主义市场经济建设和现代化建设,也必然要以宏大的社会主义企业家队伍为中坚。但在过去高度集中的计划经济条件下,我国国有企业只有上级委任的“官员”,而无敢承担风险、自主经营、自负盈亏的企业家。十几年来的改革,虽然创造了我国企业家阶层发育成长的初步条件,但由于市场机制还不完善,作为我国经济支柱的国有企业,部分经营管理活动仍被排斥在市场之外,妨碍着企业家的顺利成长,如何营造适应市场经济需要的人格化企业家队伍,完成国有企业领导人由“官员”到企业家的转化是本文探讨的重点。
As a representative of the advanced productive forces of today, the entrepreneurial class has always been the backbone of promoting the modernization of all countries. China’s socialist market economy and its modernization construction must also be regarded as the backbone of a large socialist entrepreneurial team. However, under the highly centralized planning economy in the past, China’s state-owned enterprises only had “officers” appointed by their superiors, and they did not dare to undertake entrepreneurs with risk, self-management, and self-financing. Although the reforms over the past decade have created initial conditions for the growth and development of China’s entrepreneurial stratum, due to the imperfect market mechanism and the state-owned enterprises that are the mainstay of China’s economy, some of the business management activities are still excluded from the market, hindering the development of enterprises. The smooth development of the family, how to create a personified entrepreneurial team to meet the needs of the market economy, and complete the transformation of state-owned enterprise leaders from “officers” to entrepreneurs is the focus of this article.