论文部分内容阅读
高考英语任务型阅读要求考生阅读一篇短文,理解文章的基本结构和文脉逻辑关系,并根据所读内容用恰当的词语补全文章提纲、概括关键内容或作要词词语转换。它考查考生主观表述能力,要求考生善于捕捉信息、组织信息、综合概括信息和表达信息。这就要求考生有过硬的基础,有较强的阅读能力,能理解文章的结构,归纳文章中心思想,并用适当的词或词语的适当形式把所理解的内容表述出来。下面我们来谈谈如何做好任务型阅读。
一、任务型阅读的解题步骤
(一)通读全文,理解文章大意。这是做任务型阅读的关键。只有认真阅读文章,读懂了文章大意,才能顺利地根据要求,在空格中填出恰当的信息。
(二)分析文章的结构,把握文章的主线。文章的结构往往是任务型阅读的设题线索,试题常常就是根据文章的结构和主要线索而设计的。理清了文章的主线和结构,才能对文章内容有更深刻的理解。
(三)分析表格或表格列单的项目内容,理清设计原理。阅读表格时,要注意表格中的小标题,它通常是文章段落的主题句。读懂了表格中的小标题,有助于进一步理解短文。
(四)寻找文章的信息,确定题目答案。在分析表格设计项目的基础上,根据表格要求,回到短文中寻找确定答案的关键句子、词语或段落,然后把寻找到的信息进行加工处理,并用词语的适当形式填入表格中。
二、任务型阅读的解题方法
常见的方法有:
(一)直接法
直接法就是试题答案直接在文章中,无需作任何变化直接将信息原词填入空格中。例如:
We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors …(2009江苏卷)
→We are constantly collecting meanings from others’ (1) ____________.
(1) 答案:behaviors / acts / action (s) / activities。
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. (2008江苏卷)
→Break the (2) ____________ into several areas.
(2) 答案:topic / subject / issue。
(二)转换法
转换法就是把文章中关键信息加工处理转换成适当形式填入空格内。需要转换的有名词的单复数或格,谓语形式与非谓语形式,形容词与副词的比较等级,主动语态与被动语态,词性,同义词,反义词,句式等。转换时要注意分析表格中句子结构和文章中信息句结构的异同,确定可填入空格里的词语的正确形式。例如:
…be responsible for your own learning,… (2008江苏卷)
→Take (3) ______________for one’s own learning.
(3) 答案:responsibility。做表语的形容词responsible转换成名词做动词take的宾语。
You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. (2008江苏卷)
→Keep records of the sources just in (4) ____________ .
(4) 答案:case。把which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly转换成同义词组just in case (以防万一)。
After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. (2008江苏卷)
(三)归纳法
归纳法是指用总结性词汇来概括短文或段落的中心或主题、作者或文章人物的立场、观点、态度、看法等。概括时要充分利用表格项目内容,概括出的词语要有概括性、针对性和简洁性。例如:
Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
→Children today (9)______________as if they were adults.
(9) 答案:act。把原文中的三种行为概括成act。
Television passes information to, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
(10) 答案:ways / methods。根据表格右栏中的内容及短文信息概括出答案。
任务型阅读常用概括性词汇有:
一、任务型阅读的解题步骤
(一)通读全文,理解文章大意。这是做任务型阅读的关键。只有认真阅读文章,读懂了文章大意,才能顺利地根据要求,在空格中填出恰当的信息。
(二)分析文章的结构,把握文章的主线。文章的结构往往是任务型阅读的设题线索,试题常常就是根据文章的结构和主要线索而设计的。理清了文章的主线和结构,才能对文章内容有更深刻的理解。
(三)分析表格或表格列单的项目内容,理清设计原理。阅读表格时,要注意表格中的小标题,它通常是文章段落的主题句。读懂了表格中的小标题,有助于进一步理解短文。
(四)寻找文章的信息,确定题目答案。在分析表格设计项目的基础上,根据表格要求,回到短文中寻找确定答案的关键句子、词语或段落,然后把寻找到的信息进行加工处理,并用词语的适当形式填入表格中。
二、任务型阅读的解题方法
常见的方法有:
(一)直接法
直接法就是试题答案直接在文章中,无需作任何变化直接将信息原词填入空格中。例如:
We are continually picking up meanings from others’ behaviors …(2009江苏卷)
→We are constantly collecting meanings from others’ (1) ____________.
(1) 答案:behaviors / acts / action (s) / activities。
When there is research to be done, divide the topic into several areas, and this can explore the issue in a very detailed way. (2008江苏卷)
→Break the (2) ____________ into several areas.
(2) 答案:topic / subject / issue。
(二)转换法
转换法就是把文章中关键信息加工处理转换成适当形式填入空格内。需要转换的有名词的单复数或格,谓语形式与非谓语形式,形容词与副词的比较等级,主动语态与被动语态,词性,同义词,反义词,句式等。转换时要注意分析表格中句子结构和文章中信息句结构的异同,确定可填入空格里的词语的正确形式。例如:
…be responsible for your own learning,… (2008江苏卷)
→Take (3) ______________for one’s own learning.
(3) 答案:responsibility。做表语的形容词responsible转换成名词做动词take的宾语。
You are encouraged to keep records of the sources used by each person, which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly. (2008江苏卷)
→Keep records of the sources just in (4) ____________ .
(4) 答案:case。把which helps you trace back to the origin of the problems that may happen unexpectedly转换成同义词组just in case (以防万一)。
After you’ve completed a task with your team, make an evaluation of the team’s effectiveness — the strengths and weaknesses, opportunities and challenges. (2008江苏卷)
(三)归纳法
归纳法是指用总结性词汇来概括短文或段落的中心或主题、作者或文章人物的立场、观点、态度、看法等。概括时要充分利用表格项目内容,概括出的词语要有概括性、针对性和简洁性。例如:
Children speak more like adults, dress more like adults and behave more like adults than they used to.
→Children today (9)______________as if they were adults.
(9) 答案:act。把原文中的三种行为概括成act。
Television passes information to, and indiscriminately (不加区分地), to all viewers alike, whether they are children or adults. Unable to resist the temptation, many children turn their attention to the less challenging, more vivid moving pictures.
(10) 答案:ways / methods。根据表格右栏中的内容及短文信息概括出答案。
任务型阅读常用概括性词汇有: