苏维埃政权建立初期,由于大部分工业还没有实行国有化,工业企业还掌握在资本家手里,因而,苏维埃俄国对工业企业的基本政策是实行工人监督。这时的企业管理有两种形式:少数企业由政府委派代表管理企业,多数企业是通过选举产生的工厂委员会或工人管理处实行工人监督。为了保证工人监督的实施,1917年11月14日通过了《工人监督条例》,在所有企业中都设立了工人监督委员会,对企业实行集体管理。工人监 At the beginning of the establishment of the Soviet regime, industrial enterprises were still in the hands of capitalists because most of the industries had not yet been nationalized. Therefore, Soviet Russia’s basic policy for industrial enterprises was to implement worker supervision. There are two forms of enterprise management at this time: a few enterprises are appointed by the government to delegate management of the enterprise, and most enterprises implement worker supervision through the elected factory committee or the worker management office. In order to guarantee the implementation of worker supervision, the “Regulations for the Supervision of Workers” was passed on November 14, 1917. Workers’ supervisory committees were set up in all enterprises to implement collective management of enterprises. Workers