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摘 要:以人教版高中英語教材必修3 Unit 5 “A Trip on ‘The True North’”的教学为例,从文本内容(What问题)、写作意图(Why问题)和文体特征(How问题)三个方面进行文本解读,实施深度阅读。即从创设语境、激活已知、熟悉话题,到读标题、看插图、预测主题,到快速浏览、获取大意、绘制路径图,到提取信息、内化语言、形成概念图,到表达感受、比较异同、做出选择,到合理质疑、互动交流、迁移创新,再到反思内省、回归生活、巩固运用,在这一系列过程中探讨如何基于核心素养在高中英语阅读教学中设计文本解读活动。
关键词:高中英语;阅读教学;文本解读;教学课例
引言
教师对文本的解读是阅读教学的基础,有效进行阅读教学的前提在于关注“教学文本的解读”。提高文本解读能力是提高课堂教学实效和学生学习质量的关键。因此,教师应当从多角度充分分析和解读文本,在文本解读的基础上通过提问等创设的教学活动激励学生了解背景知识、创设主题语境,层层递进地引导学生理解和分析文本,启发学生对文本内容与价值的深层思考,从而有效地传递文本价值。
一、文本解读在高中英语阅读教学中的重要性
语篇是语言学习的主要载体。教师应该在教学中有意识地渗透有关语篇的基本知识,帮助学生形成语篇意识,把握语篇的结构特点,从而提高理解语篇意义的能力,充分利用语篇知识更加有效地获取或传递信息,表达观点和态度,达到运用语言与他人沟通和交流的目的。教师文本解读的水平决定着教学设计的效果,也直接影响着学生的学习体验、认知发展的维度、情感参与的深度和学习成效的高度。因此提高文本解读能力是教师基于语篇内容培养学生学科素养,提高课堂教学时效和学生学习质量的关键。《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》强调,语篇是英语教学的基础资源。语篇赋予语言以主题、情景和内容,并以其特有的内在逻辑结构、问题特征和语言形式来组织和呈现信息,为主题意义的表达服务。因此,深入研读语篇、把握主题意义、挖掘文化价值、分析文本特征和语言特点及其与主题意义的关联,对教师做好教学设计有重要意义,是教师落实英语学科核心素养目标,创设合理学习活动的重要前提。
二、通过文本解读实现深度阅读的教学实践
(一)文本分析
[What]“A Trip on ‘The True North’”是一篇游记,介绍了两姐妹乘火车从温哥华自西向东横跨加拿大到大西洋沿岸的旅行。文章按照旅行的时间顺序和自西向东的方位顺序,依次介绍了沿途经过的主要城市和地区,包括温哥华(Vancouver)、落基山脉(the Rocky Mountains)、卡尔加里(Calgary)、桑德贝(Thunder Bay)、五大湖(the Great Lakes)、多伦多(Toronto)等,并以每个地点为依托,通过两姐妹的所见和感悟,以及同行人Danny Lin的讲述,介绍了加拿大的自然和人文地理概况,包括人口数量、国土面积、农业种植、气候特点、体育活动、特有动物、城乡差异、淡水资源和森林资源等。文中包含了丰富多样的加拿大自然和人文信息,以及旅行者的内心感受。
[Why]从中国学生的角度以游记的形式介绍加拿大概况。
[How]该文是一篇典型的游记,其明线是按照时间、路线、见闻、感受的线索展开,通过两姐妹在加拿大的亲身经历及朋友介绍,呈现了这次旅行;暗线则是对加拿大的主要地理概况(城市、人口、自然资源等)、著名景点、气候以及风土人情等进行介绍,使读者了解加拿大的地理、经济、文化、农业、体育、人口、交通等方面的主要概况。
该文以时间顺序展开,细节信息比较分散,只有通过分层整合时间、路线、见闻和感受等相关信息,才能在零散的信息之间建立起关联,也才能在此基础上进一步提炼和整合加拿大国家概况,构建相关的结构化知识,为比较中加两国概况、在新语境中运用所学内容和实现创新表达创造条件。
(二)深度研读文本的活动设计与设计意图分析
Step 1:创设语境,激活已知,熟悉话题
(1)视频热身
教师播放视频,让学生用一些形容词说说对视频中国家的第一印象。
T:What's your first impression of Canada? Can you use some adjectives to describe it?
(2)问题导入
教师设计9个小问题测试学生,了解学生对加拿大一些基本情况的熟悉程度,以此导入到本课的课题。
T:How much do you know about Canada? Let's take a test.Are you ready?
①Canada is thelargest country in the world.
②What is the capital of Canada?
③Which is the national flag of Canada?
④What language(s) is(are) officially spoken in Canada ?
⑤What is the national animal of Canada?
⑥Which is the national flower of Canada?
⑦What is the Canadian leader called?
⑧How many “Great Lakes” are there in Canada and what are they?
⑨Which song is the national anthem of Canada? (3)揭题
教师从测试中的最后一题的国歌歌词引出“The True North”,其在国歌中指的是加拿大。让学生思考标题中的“The True North”是否也是指加拿大,并且分析标题中的介词。
T:Let's look at the words of“O Canada”. What does “The True North” refer to?
【设计意图】由于班上学生并不熟悉加拿大,教师通过视频播放介绍可以让学生对这个国家有更直观的感觉,另外,测试及揭题环节可以让学生从不同方面对加拿大进行了解。
Step 2:读标题,看插图,预测主题
教师引导学生细读标题,重点关注 “The True North” 和 “Trip”,再看文本中的插图(如图1),预测文本内容。师生对话如下:
T:Please read the title and look at the picture. What do you think “The True North” refers to?
S1:Maybe a place that is in the North Pole.
T:Do you agree?
S2:No. If it is a place, here IN should be used instead of ON.
T:You are so careful. So what on earth does “The True North” refer to? We will read to find out. Now, focus your attention on “Trip” . What do you think the writer will talk about in this article?
S3:I guess maybe means of transportation, attractions, the food, local customs and some feelings.
T:Yes. Generally, the writer will mention who, why, how, when, where, what, feelings and so on. Now please read the article fast to search for such information.
【設计意图】标题通常是文本内容的聚焦点。从标题入手,观察标题与文本内容之间的必要联系,从而提取与文本内容相关的线索,使文章主线浮出水面。文本中的插图或者图表往往能第一时间抓住读者的眼球,增加读者阅读文本的兴趣。它们不仅仅向学生提供了简单明了的信息,激发学生头脑中原有的信息,也有效地把高难度的文本信息转化为学生易接受的图片信息,帮助学生理解。本课例中教师引导学生根据标题和配图,猜测文章主题,预设阅读目标,激发好奇心,通过下面的阅读查找文章主题和“The True North”的真正含义,验证预测。这种有目的、有计划的观察阅读活动是提升学生思维品质的重要途径。
Step 3:快速浏览,获取大意,绘制路径图
学生在预测之后,带着好奇心和问题快速浏览全文,查找需要的信息。任务设计如下:
Task 1:To find out what “The True North ”refers to and see whether your predictions are right.
Task 2:To fill in the chart below.
Brief Introduction About the Trip
Who and her cousin
Whyto
Where (destination)
How (transportation)first by ,
then by
Task 3:To work in groups to draw a simple travel route (旅行路线) of the two girls, then present it on the blackboard.
学生完成上面的任务后,教师引导学生对这样的旅行计划发表看法和感想,师生对话如下:
T:From the travel route, obviously they are having a trip from west to east across the whole continent by train. What do you think of this trip?
S1:It must be very fascinating.
S2:It must be a tiring journey though interesting.
T:I can't agree more. But how did they feel before the trip according to the article?
S3:Excited.
T:Exactly.
【设计意图】通过快速阅读验证上一步预测的正确性。然后分组绘制出文中主人公的加拿大旅行路线图。之后,教师与学生一起在黑板上完成简易路线图。继而引导学生了解主人公对一次长距离的异国之旅的感受并发表自己的感受。学生通过获取、梳理有关加拿大之旅的事实性信息,分组合作绘制旅行路线图,并发表自己的感受,在参与语言活动的过程中,培养了语言能力,提升了思维品质。 Step 4:提取信息,内化语言,形成概念图
教师引导学生以旅行路线为主线,品读文章,获取旅行途中的见闻,猜测她们的旅行感受,并对获取到的信息进行归纳、总结与评价。具体任务设计如下:
Task 1:To read Paragraph 2 for information about Canada and Vancouver.First answer the question and then fill in the chart below.
T:What can they see during the journey?
Ss:Mountains, lakes, forests, wide rivers, large cities.
Vancouver (Para.2)
Location
Climate
Entertainment
Scenery
師生对话如下:
T:According to the information you have just got, what kind of country do you think Canada is?
Ss:Big, beautiful—
T:Yes. Actually it is the 2nd largest country in the world with various beautiful scenery. Then what do you think of Vancouver?
S1:It is a charming city.
S2:I think it is a paradise for tourists, which is my dream city.
T:I agree with you. And that is why the population is increasing year by year. Vancouver is their first stop.Can you guess their feelings here?
Ss:Happy, worthwhile, fascinated, hopeful—
T:I feel so too. Let's continue to read.
Task 2:To read Paragraph 3 for information about the Rocky Mountains and Calgary.
Q1:What did they see while crossing the Rocky Mountains?
Q2:What is Calgary famous for?
Q3:How did they feel about traveling here?
师生对话如下:
T:After reading this part, can you find out what they saw while crossing the Rocky Mountains?
Ss:They caught sight of goats, a grizzly bear and an eagle.
T:Was it easy for them to catch sight of them?
Ss:No. They managed to see them.
T:Yes. To manage to do something means to try hard to do something successfully. Can you guess their emotions here?
S1:They were attracted by the wonderful scenery.
S2:They felt amazed.
T:Yes, I think they were overwhelmed by such breathtaking views. And what is Calgary famous for?
Ss:The Calgary Stampede.
T:What is it about?
Ss:Cowboys having a gift for riding wild horses compete in Stampede to win much money in prizes.
T:Do you think horse riding is as popular in China as in Canada?
Ss:No.
T:So can you guess the girls' feelings here?
Ss:They must be curious.
T:I think your guess is reasonable. Now let's continue to read more.
Task 3:To read Paragraph 4 for information about Thunder Bay and fill in the blanks to complete the paragraph below. Thunder Bay is acity.
Where is Thunder Bay?
It is at the top of the.
Canada has the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in.
师生对话如下:
T:How did the girls feel while traveling here?
Ss:Amazed and surprised.
T:You got it. What did they feel amazed at?
Ss:Such an empty country.
T:Right. And why did they feel surprised?
Ss:They were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
T:Yeah. What is the fact?
Ss:The fact is that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
T:Exactly.
Task 4:To read Paragraph 5 and predict what will be talked about next.
师生对话如下:
T:So what do you think will be talked about next?
Ss:Their experience in Toronto.
T:Why do you think so?
S1:From the last sentence “… southward towards Toronto.”
T:Yeah. That is an important clue. So far, we have finished reading their experience in the trip. Do you think they had a wonderful trip?
Ss:Yes.
T:From their emotions we have got (fascinated, hopeful, attracted, overwhelmed…), we can see they had a wonderful trip.
Task 5:After reading the whole passage, use the information you have got to finish the structure below (图2) about Canada.
【设计意图】引导学生细读文章,获取旅行中几个主要地方的事实性信息(風景特征、气候特点、文化、旅行者的感受等),对所获取的信息进行对比分析,推测文章未提到的旅行者的感受,在此基础上归纳、总结有关加拿大的概况和特点,形成对加拿大的结构化知识(地理、人口、经济、文化、交通等)。学生在与老师和同学的对话中,通过推测、分析、比较、归纳、总结等提升了思维品质。
Step 5:表达感受,比较异同,做出选择
了解了旅行者的见闻与感受之后,教师引导学生针对文中提到的四个主要地方(图3),发表自己的见解和感受,并做出选择:If someday you have a chance to go to Canada, where will you go? Why?
【设计意图】这一步是基于文本的控制性语言输出活动。在获取旅行途中主人公的见闻与感受后,先要求学生谈谈自己的感受,然后在分析、比较、内化的基础上,结合自身的爱好选择自己喜欢的旅游城市(景点)向全班介绍,进行语言输出。在完成任务的过程中,学生在真实的语境中运用所学的语言介绍自己最喜欢的城市(景点),既提高了语言的运用能力,也培养了思维品质。
Step 6:合理质疑,互动交流,迁移创新
Task 1:教师引导学生重新审视旅行者旅行计划的合理性,并提出更合理的建议:
Do you like their travel plan (means of transportation, traveling route, destinations and so on)? Do you have better choices?
Task 2:在讨论文中旅行者旅行计划合理性的基础上,教师引导学生制订一份简易的旅行计划,包括去哪儿、怎么去等方面:Two of my Canadian pen pals are coming for a visit in China. Work in groups to make a 3 day travel plan for them.
Consider the following aspects:Where to go? How to go? What to visit? What to take? You may choose from the following places of interest in China(图4).
【设计意图】引导学生重新审视主人公旅行计划的合理性,并提出更加合理的建议,培养学生的批判性思维能力。在此基础上,学生以小组为单位,为加拿大的笔友制订一份来中国的旅行计划。这一设计在合作中提升了学生的创新思维能力,在选择中国旅游景点的过程中也培养了学生的家国情怀。 Step 7:反思内省,回归生活,巩固运用 (布置作业)
Task 1:Improve your 3 day travel plan for my pen pals and send it to me at [email protected].
Task 2:Write a short passage about one of your trips, trying to use words and phrases or sentence patterns we have learned in this passage. Your writing should include the following aspects:
1.Why did you take the trip?
2.Who did you go with and who did you meet?
3.Where did you go?
4.What did you experience? (see, do, feel…)
【設计意图】Task 1旨在让不同小组分享、交流他们制订的旅行计划之后,学生重新反思自己旅行计划的合理性,并对自己的旅行计划进行自觉修正和完善;Task 2旨在让学生根据本课所学的关于游记类文章的结构特点和一般要素,用阅读中学习的语句描述自己的一次旅行,回归生活,满足其个性化的需要。
结束语:
通过文本研读,教师不仅让学生对文中两位中国学生的加拿大之旅和文章的语言知识有了清晰的了解,还让学生对文本的深层意义——加拿大概况和文化——有了准确的把握。同时,教师还分析了文体类型、语篇结构、语言特点和结构化知识,为组织学习内容、设计学习活动、达成学习目标奠定了必要的基础。
由此看出,教师只有在深入解读文本的基础上,才能把握住文本的主题,梳理出学生需要学习的主要内容,帮助学生挖掘文化内涵,使学生构建对加拿大国家的整体认知,从而能运用所学知识创造性地介绍加拿大国家概况和文化特征,为比较中加文化和概况奠定语言、思维和文化的基础。
参考文献
[1]戴军熔.高中英语阅读文本解读中的六个基本关注点[J].中小学英语教学与研究,2012(9):27—36.
[2]王蔷.从综合语言运用能力到英语学科核心素养——高中英语课程改革的新挑战[J].英语教师,2015(16):6—7.
[3]中华人民共和国教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)[S].北京:人民教育出版社,2018.
[4]李慧敏.英语阅读教学中的主线设计的六个关注点:一堂研究课的启示[J].英语学习(教师版),2017(3):36—39.
关键词:高中英语;阅读教学;文本解读;教学课例
引言
教师对文本的解读是阅读教学的基础,有效进行阅读教学的前提在于关注“教学文本的解读”。提高文本解读能力是提高课堂教学实效和学生学习质量的关键。因此,教师应当从多角度充分分析和解读文本,在文本解读的基础上通过提问等创设的教学活动激励学生了解背景知识、创设主题语境,层层递进地引导学生理解和分析文本,启发学生对文本内容与价值的深层思考,从而有效地传递文本价值。
一、文本解读在高中英语阅读教学中的重要性
语篇是语言学习的主要载体。教师应该在教学中有意识地渗透有关语篇的基本知识,帮助学生形成语篇意识,把握语篇的结构特点,从而提高理解语篇意义的能力,充分利用语篇知识更加有效地获取或传递信息,表达观点和态度,达到运用语言与他人沟通和交流的目的。教师文本解读的水平决定着教学设计的效果,也直接影响着学生的学习体验、认知发展的维度、情感参与的深度和学习成效的高度。因此提高文本解读能力是教师基于语篇内容培养学生学科素养,提高课堂教学时效和学生学习质量的关键。《普通高中英语课程标准(2017年版)》强调,语篇是英语教学的基础资源。语篇赋予语言以主题、情景和内容,并以其特有的内在逻辑结构、问题特征和语言形式来组织和呈现信息,为主题意义的表达服务。因此,深入研读语篇、把握主题意义、挖掘文化价值、分析文本特征和语言特点及其与主题意义的关联,对教师做好教学设计有重要意义,是教师落实英语学科核心素养目标,创设合理学习活动的重要前提。
二、通过文本解读实现深度阅读的教学实践
(一)文本分析
[What]“A Trip on ‘The True North’”是一篇游记,介绍了两姐妹乘火车从温哥华自西向东横跨加拿大到大西洋沿岸的旅行。文章按照旅行的时间顺序和自西向东的方位顺序,依次介绍了沿途经过的主要城市和地区,包括温哥华(Vancouver)、落基山脉(the Rocky Mountains)、卡尔加里(Calgary)、桑德贝(Thunder Bay)、五大湖(the Great Lakes)、多伦多(Toronto)等,并以每个地点为依托,通过两姐妹的所见和感悟,以及同行人Danny Lin的讲述,介绍了加拿大的自然和人文地理概况,包括人口数量、国土面积、农业种植、气候特点、体育活动、特有动物、城乡差异、淡水资源和森林资源等。文中包含了丰富多样的加拿大自然和人文信息,以及旅行者的内心感受。
[Why]从中国学生的角度以游记的形式介绍加拿大概况。
[How]该文是一篇典型的游记,其明线是按照时间、路线、见闻、感受的线索展开,通过两姐妹在加拿大的亲身经历及朋友介绍,呈现了这次旅行;暗线则是对加拿大的主要地理概况(城市、人口、自然资源等)、著名景点、气候以及风土人情等进行介绍,使读者了解加拿大的地理、经济、文化、农业、体育、人口、交通等方面的主要概况。
该文以时间顺序展开,细节信息比较分散,只有通过分层整合时间、路线、见闻和感受等相关信息,才能在零散的信息之间建立起关联,也才能在此基础上进一步提炼和整合加拿大国家概况,构建相关的结构化知识,为比较中加两国概况、在新语境中运用所学内容和实现创新表达创造条件。
(二)深度研读文本的活动设计与设计意图分析
Step 1:创设语境,激活已知,熟悉话题
(1)视频热身
教师播放视频,让学生用一些形容词说说对视频中国家的第一印象。
T:What's your first impression of Canada? Can you use some adjectives to describe it?
(2)问题导入
教师设计9个小问题测试学生,了解学生对加拿大一些基本情况的熟悉程度,以此导入到本课的课题。
T:How much do you know about Canada? Let's take a test.Are you ready?
①Canada is thelargest country in the world.
②What is the capital of Canada?
③Which is the national flag of Canada?
④What language(s) is(are) officially spoken in Canada ?
⑤What is the national animal of Canada?
⑥Which is the national flower of Canada?
⑦What is the Canadian leader called?
⑧How many “Great Lakes” are there in Canada and what are they?
⑨Which song is the national anthem of Canada? (3)揭题
教师从测试中的最后一题的国歌歌词引出“The True North”,其在国歌中指的是加拿大。让学生思考标题中的“The True North”是否也是指加拿大,并且分析标题中的介词。
T:Let's look at the words of“O Canada”. What does “The True North” refer to?
【设计意图】由于班上学生并不熟悉加拿大,教师通过视频播放介绍可以让学生对这个国家有更直观的感觉,另外,测试及揭题环节可以让学生从不同方面对加拿大进行了解。
Step 2:读标题,看插图,预测主题
教师引导学生细读标题,重点关注 “The True North” 和 “Trip”,再看文本中的插图(如图1),预测文本内容。师生对话如下:
T:Please read the title and look at the picture. What do you think “The True North” refers to?
S1:Maybe a place that is in the North Pole.
T:Do you agree?
S2:No. If it is a place, here IN should be used instead of ON.
T:You are so careful. So what on earth does “The True North” refer to? We will read to find out. Now, focus your attention on “Trip” . What do you think the writer will talk about in this article?
S3:I guess maybe means of transportation, attractions, the food, local customs and some feelings.
T:Yes. Generally, the writer will mention who, why, how, when, where, what, feelings and so on. Now please read the article fast to search for such information.
【設计意图】标题通常是文本内容的聚焦点。从标题入手,观察标题与文本内容之间的必要联系,从而提取与文本内容相关的线索,使文章主线浮出水面。文本中的插图或者图表往往能第一时间抓住读者的眼球,增加读者阅读文本的兴趣。它们不仅仅向学生提供了简单明了的信息,激发学生头脑中原有的信息,也有效地把高难度的文本信息转化为学生易接受的图片信息,帮助学生理解。本课例中教师引导学生根据标题和配图,猜测文章主题,预设阅读目标,激发好奇心,通过下面的阅读查找文章主题和“The True North”的真正含义,验证预测。这种有目的、有计划的观察阅读活动是提升学生思维品质的重要途径。
Step 3:快速浏览,获取大意,绘制路径图
学生在预测之后,带着好奇心和问题快速浏览全文,查找需要的信息。任务设计如下:
Task 1:To find out what “The True North ”refers to and see whether your predictions are right.
Task 2:To fill in the chart below.
Brief Introduction About the Trip
Who and her cousin
Whyto
Where (destination)
How (transportation)first by ,
then by
Task 3:To work in groups to draw a simple travel route (旅行路线) of the two girls, then present it on the blackboard.
学生完成上面的任务后,教师引导学生对这样的旅行计划发表看法和感想,师生对话如下:
T:From the travel route, obviously they are having a trip from west to east across the whole continent by train. What do you think of this trip?
S1:It must be very fascinating.
S2:It must be a tiring journey though interesting.
T:I can't agree more. But how did they feel before the trip according to the article?
S3:Excited.
T:Exactly.
【设计意图】通过快速阅读验证上一步预测的正确性。然后分组绘制出文中主人公的加拿大旅行路线图。之后,教师与学生一起在黑板上完成简易路线图。继而引导学生了解主人公对一次长距离的异国之旅的感受并发表自己的感受。学生通过获取、梳理有关加拿大之旅的事实性信息,分组合作绘制旅行路线图,并发表自己的感受,在参与语言活动的过程中,培养了语言能力,提升了思维品质。 Step 4:提取信息,内化语言,形成概念图
教师引导学生以旅行路线为主线,品读文章,获取旅行途中的见闻,猜测她们的旅行感受,并对获取到的信息进行归纳、总结与评价。具体任务设计如下:
Task 1:To read Paragraph 2 for information about Canada and Vancouver.First answer the question and then fill in the chart below.
T:What can they see during the journey?
Ss:Mountains, lakes, forests, wide rivers, large cities.
Vancouver (Para.2)
Location
Climate
Entertainment
Scenery
師生对话如下:
T:According to the information you have just got, what kind of country do you think Canada is?
Ss:Big, beautiful—
T:Yes. Actually it is the 2nd largest country in the world with various beautiful scenery. Then what do you think of Vancouver?
S1:It is a charming city.
S2:I think it is a paradise for tourists, which is my dream city.
T:I agree with you. And that is why the population is increasing year by year. Vancouver is their first stop.Can you guess their feelings here?
Ss:Happy, worthwhile, fascinated, hopeful—
T:I feel so too. Let's continue to read.
Task 2:To read Paragraph 3 for information about the Rocky Mountains and Calgary.
Q1:What did they see while crossing the Rocky Mountains?
Q2:What is Calgary famous for?
Q3:How did they feel about traveling here?
师生对话如下:
T:After reading this part, can you find out what they saw while crossing the Rocky Mountains?
Ss:They caught sight of goats, a grizzly bear and an eagle.
T:Was it easy for them to catch sight of them?
Ss:No. They managed to see them.
T:Yes. To manage to do something means to try hard to do something successfully. Can you guess their emotions here?
S1:They were attracted by the wonderful scenery.
S2:They felt amazed.
T:Yes, I think they were overwhelmed by such breathtaking views. And what is Calgary famous for?
Ss:The Calgary Stampede.
T:What is it about?
Ss:Cowboys having a gift for riding wild horses compete in Stampede to win much money in prizes.
T:Do you think horse riding is as popular in China as in Canada?
Ss:No.
T:So can you guess the girls' feelings here?
Ss:They must be curious.
T:I think your guess is reasonable. Now let's continue to read more.
Task 3:To read Paragraph 4 for information about Thunder Bay and fill in the blanks to complete the paragraph below. Thunder Bay is acity.
Where is Thunder Bay?
It is at the top of the.
Canada has the world's total fresh water, and much of it is in.
师生对话如下:
T:How did the girls feel while traveling here?
Ss:Amazed and surprised.
T:You got it. What did they feel amazed at?
Ss:Such an empty country.
T:Right. And why did they feel surprised?
Ss:They were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
T:Yeah. What is the fact?
Ss:The fact is that ocean ships can sail up the Great Lakes.
T:Exactly.
Task 4:To read Paragraph 5 and predict what will be talked about next.
师生对话如下:
T:So what do you think will be talked about next?
Ss:Their experience in Toronto.
T:Why do you think so?
S1:From the last sentence “… southward towards Toronto.”
T:Yeah. That is an important clue. So far, we have finished reading their experience in the trip. Do you think they had a wonderful trip?
Ss:Yes.
T:From their emotions we have got (fascinated, hopeful, attracted, overwhelmed…), we can see they had a wonderful trip.
Task 5:After reading the whole passage, use the information you have got to finish the structure below (图2) about Canada.
【设计意图】引导学生细读文章,获取旅行中几个主要地方的事实性信息(風景特征、气候特点、文化、旅行者的感受等),对所获取的信息进行对比分析,推测文章未提到的旅行者的感受,在此基础上归纳、总结有关加拿大的概况和特点,形成对加拿大的结构化知识(地理、人口、经济、文化、交通等)。学生在与老师和同学的对话中,通过推测、分析、比较、归纳、总结等提升了思维品质。
Step 5:表达感受,比较异同,做出选择
了解了旅行者的见闻与感受之后,教师引导学生针对文中提到的四个主要地方(图3),发表自己的见解和感受,并做出选择:If someday you have a chance to go to Canada, where will you go? Why?
【设计意图】这一步是基于文本的控制性语言输出活动。在获取旅行途中主人公的见闻与感受后,先要求学生谈谈自己的感受,然后在分析、比较、内化的基础上,结合自身的爱好选择自己喜欢的旅游城市(景点)向全班介绍,进行语言输出。在完成任务的过程中,学生在真实的语境中运用所学的语言介绍自己最喜欢的城市(景点),既提高了语言的运用能力,也培养了思维品质。
Step 6:合理质疑,互动交流,迁移创新
Task 1:教师引导学生重新审视旅行者旅行计划的合理性,并提出更合理的建议:
Do you like their travel plan (means of transportation, traveling route, destinations and so on)? Do you have better choices?
Task 2:在讨论文中旅行者旅行计划合理性的基础上,教师引导学生制订一份简易的旅行计划,包括去哪儿、怎么去等方面:Two of my Canadian pen pals are coming for a visit in China. Work in groups to make a 3 day travel plan for them.
Consider the following aspects:Where to go? How to go? What to visit? What to take? You may choose from the following places of interest in China(图4).
【设计意图】引导学生重新审视主人公旅行计划的合理性,并提出更加合理的建议,培养学生的批判性思维能力。在此基础上,学生以小组为单位,为加拿大的笔友制订一份来中国的旅行计划。这一设计在合作中提升了学生的创新思维能力,在选择中国旅游景点的过程中也培养了学生的家国情怀。 Step 7:反思内省,回归生活,巩固运用 (布置作业)
Task 1:Improve your 3 day travel plan for my pen pals and send it to me at [email protected].
Task 2:Write a short passage about one of your trips, trying to use words and phrases or sentence patterns we have learned in this passage. Your writing should include the following aspects:
1.Why did you take the trip?
2.Who did you go with and who did you meet?
3.Where did you go?
4.What did you experience? (see, do, feel…)
【設计意图】Task 1旨在让不同小组分享、交流他们制订的旅行计划之后,学生重新反思自己旅行计划的合理性,并对自己的旅行计划进行自觉修正和完善;Task 2旨在让学生根据本课所学的关于游记类文章的结构特点和一般要素,用阅读中学习的语句描述自己的一次旅行,回归生活,满足其个性化的需要。
结束语:
通过文本研读,教师不仅让学生对文中两位中国学生的加拿大之旅和文章的语言知识有了清晰的了解,还让学生对文本的深层意义——加拿大概况和文化——有了准确的把握。同时,教师还分析了文体类型、语篇结构、语言特点和结构化知识,为组织学习内容、设计学习活动、达成学习目标奠定了必要的基础。
由此看出,教师只有在深入解读文本的基础上,才能把握住文本的主题,梳理出学生需要学习的主要内容,帮助学生挖掘文化内涵,使学生构建对加拿大国家的整体认知,从而能运用所学知识创造性地介绍加拿大国家概况和文化特征,为比较中加文化和概况奠定语言、思维和文化的基础。
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