【摘 要】
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Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people [1].Typical symptoms of PD include bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and postural instability [1].Therefore,PD severely affects the patient\'s daily li
【机 构】
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CAS Key Laboratory of Brain Connectome and Manipula-tion,The Brain Cognition and Brain Disease Insti
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Parkinson\'s disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder that affects millions of people [1].Typical symptoms of PD include bradykinesia,rigidity,resting tremor,and postural instability [1].Therefore,PD severely affects the patient\'s daily life and mental health and imposes a tremendous burden on the medical system.In the past few decades,numerous studies have uncovered pathogenies and developed therapies for PD.However,the disease-modifying treatment of PD is still a major challenge worldwide.One of the important reasons is that most of the basic research on PD have not directly studied patients with PD but used animal models [2].It is believed that PD is a human-exclusive disease because it has not been identified in other animals,including nonhuman primates [3].Rodent PD models created by toxins includ-ing 6-hydroxydopamine and 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine or gene-editing only imitate some symptoms of PD but do not fully replicate the pathogenies including the neuronal loss in the substantia nigra (SN) [4].
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