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在环境的污染中有许多化学和物理的诱变剂,它们能穿入细胞,破坏 DNA 分子,现已知的诱变剂达2,000种以上,都可能给人类的后代带来遗传性缺陷。因此遗传学研究的主要任务就是要发展有效的方法,准确地预测环境中特殊诱变剂对遗传的影响,从而进一步采取措施加以控制。人类的辐射环境可分成天然辐射和人工辐射两大类,而人工辐射主要包括放射性落下物,医疗照射和职业照射。关于职业照射最常见的是医疗放射
There are many chemical and physical mutagens in environmental pollution that penetrate cells and destroy DNA molecules. Up to now, more than 2,000 mutagens are known to cause genetic defects in human offspring. Therefore, the main task of genetics research is to develop effective methods to accurately predict the genetic effects of special mutagens in the environment, and further take measures to control it. Human radiation environment can be divided into two categories: natural radiation and artificial radiation, while artificial radiation mainly includes radioactive fallout, medical exposure and occupational exposure. The most common type of occupational exposure is medical radiation