犯罪片有多不写实?

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  犯罪片既好看,又富娱乐性,但它们带来的结果会否弊大于利呢?像《犯罪现场调查》这类广受欢迎的电视剧大大培养了人们对司法科学及犯罪现场调查的浓厚兴趣,但它们或许也带来了负面影响。
  司法科学及执法界人士担心这些电视剧里呈现的技术和技巧会令普罗大众——特别是可能成为陪审员的人——对警察的能力产生不现实的期望。
  “CSI效应”一词指的是越来越多人相信刑事案件可以在一小时内解
  虽然司法鉴证领域确实取得了很大进步,但要指望法医在警探或刑事侦查员离开罪案现场、回到办公室之前就处理好案发现场、分析完证据并写好结论性的司法报告,这是完全不现实的。
  然而不幸的是,很多受害者都是这样想,现在不少陪审员也是这样期待的。当他们没看到这些东西时,辩护律师经常利用缺少DNA或其他确凿证据作为借口,试图令人觉得执法人员没有尽职工作。但事实往往不是这样。
  相反,为了防止证物受到污染,犯罪现场调查工作需要数小时,有时候是数天才能完成。收集到的证据一般会被送到一个安全的临时存放点,进行登记后才被送到相应的实验室。这个过程一般要耗时几天,而不是几小时。
  调查员在案发现场收集证据,直接送到实验室,然后跳到显微镜前亲自分析,或叫他们在实验室技术部的哥们“帮帮忙,今天之内把结果交给我”——这种事情是不会发生的。
  事实上,根据部门或罪案类型的不同,很多司法鉴证技术员根本不会去到案发现场。一些专门的技术员——如血迹形态分析员可能会到现场取证。其实大多数司法鉴证人员分析的都是警探收集而来的证据。
  案件,大多数证据需要一个月甚至更长时间处理。像DNA之类的证据有时要花上一年或更长时间。案件太多,资源不足——这就是现实。如果调查员在证据上写上“加急”请求,他们也许能在一两个星期内拿到结果——如果走运的话。
  CSI fans will also be disappointed to learn that there are no bells or alarms that go off when a forensic ballistics[弹道学的] technician finds a match, or a DNA profile[概图] is connected to a crime scene.
  No picture shows up on the computer screen, and no computer software exist to declare that “Colonel Mustard注2 used the revolver[左轮手枪] in the study.”Instead, after the analysis is completed, all that’s displayed is a code or series of codes to be entered into another database to search for a match.
  另外,《犯罪现场调查》的粉丝会失望地发现——无论是弹道学技术员找到配对结果,还是某个DNA纹印图谱与一个犯罪现场有关联时,其实都不会响起铃声或警报。
  电脑屏幕上不会出现图片,也不存在会宣布“黄上将在书房使用了左轮手枪”的电脑软件。分析完成后只会显示一组或一系列编码,还要进入下一个资料库寻找配对。
  档案里已经存在那个数据。美国并没有包含所有人DNA纹印图谱的全体资料库。事实上,在录DNA只占其人口的3%左右。
  要进行分析,调查员必须已经锁定一个嫌疑人并向他要求DNA或指纹样本。如果嫌疑人拒绝提供样本,调查员就要申请搜查令了。 be located if there is already data on file. No comprehensive[全面的] database exists containing the DNA profiles of everyone in the country. In fact, little more than three percent of the population has DNA profiles on file.
  In order to perform an analysis, investigators must already
  have a suspect[嫌疑犯] in mind and request a DNA or fingerprint sample from him. If a suspect refuses to provide a sample, a search warrant[许可证] will be required.
  Analyzing the evidence is one thing. Properly applying[应用] it is something else entirely. Contrary to[与……相反] popular belief and what has been portrayed on television, there is rarely a single “smoking gun” that proves guilt. Instead, mysteries are solved using little pieces of evidence from different sources.
  To do this, detectives must take the findings of forensic technicians and look at them as one piece of a much larger puzzle. The only thing DNA or fingerprints can really tell an investigator is that, at some point, a suspect was at the crime scene. This doesn’t mean he committed[干(坏事)] the crime, or that he was even necessarily present at the time the crime was committed.
  分析证据是一回事,理清它们则是另一回事。和一般的理解或电视上描述的不同,能够定罪的单一“铁证”并不多见,解开谜团靠的是从不同源头得来的各种细小的证据。
  要做到这点,侦探必须将技术员的发现放到全局当中来分析。对于调查员来说,DNA或指纹唯一能说明的是,在某种情况下,嫌疑人曾经在某个时间出现在犯罪现场。这不能说明他犯了罪,甚至无法证明案发时他就在现场。
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