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Abstract [Objectives] This study was conducted to find watersoluble fertilizers （WSFs） suitable for watermelon cultivation in Hainan area.
[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.
[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK， and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m 2. And it could significantly improve soluble sugar， Vc and protein contents， and could effectively reduce nitrate content.
[Conclusions] Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer， and has the market prospect of largearea application and extension.
Key words Watermelon; Watersoluble fertilizer; Screening
Watermelon （Citrullus lanatus） is an annual vine belonging to Citrullus of Cucurbitaceae， native to Africa. Its planting area and yield rank the fourth among the ten major fruits in the world， and its planting area in China accounts for 60% of the total area in the world[1]. In the production process of watermelon， the selected fertilizer and its quality directly influence the quality and yield of watermelon. Water soluble fertilizer （WSF） has the advantages of good water solubility， no residue， easy absorption and balanced nutrient elements， and could be applied with agricultural facilities for spray irrigation and drop irrigation， thereby realizing integration of water and fertilizer and achieving the effect of saving fertilizer and labor. Therefore， It is more and more applied to the production of watermelon[2]. There are a variety of WSFs on the market， and screening tests of WSFs for watermelon have been conducted in different areas[3-14]， but they are different in quality and effect and could not provide efficient costsaving WSF formulas for watermelon production. Therefore， in this study， with three highquality WSFs common in market as experimental materials， the efficiency of fertilizers on watermelon in integration of water and fertilizer on watermelon was tested， so as to provide reference for application of suitable WSFs in watermelon cultivation in Hainan areas.
Materials and Methods
Experimental materials
The tested watermelon variety was Qiongli （mini watermelon）， which was provided by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The test was carried out in the Eight Team Test Base of Baodao New Village， Danzhou City， Hainan Province. The soil has low fertility and a pH value of 5.16 with a depth of 0-20 cm， and contains organic matter 27.63 g/kg， total nitrogen 1.32 g/kg， available phosphorus 12.45 mg/kg and available potassium 38.29 mg/kg. The test used following fertilizers： ternary compound fertilizer （151515） produced by Yara International， Fahai·Jiabao （N： 12%， P2O5： 5%， K2O： 42%） produced by ICL corporate， instant NovaTec WSF （N： 14%， P2O5： 8%， K2O： 30%） produced by Germany COMPO， and Jishifeng organic fertilizer （N+P2O5+K2O≥5%， organic matter≥45%） and Jiaheyuan WSF （N： 20%， P2O5： 10%， K2O： 30%） produced by Weifang GBW Biotechnology Co.， Ltd.
Experimental design
The test was carried out from March to June 2015. Four treatments were designed in total， including three WSF treatments， i.e.， Jiaheyuan WSF （A）， Fahai·Jiabao WSF （B） and instant NovaTec WSF （C） and one control （ternary compound fertilizer， CK）.
Jishifeng organic matter was bottom applied during field preparation before bed formation at a rate of 500 kg/667 m 2. The three WSFs were all applied at a rate of 8 kg/667 m 2， once every 7-10 d， for 10 times in total during the growth period. The CK was applied at a rate of 10 kg/667 m 2， once 7-10 d， for 12 times in total during the growth period. The test adopted randomized block design， with three replicates. Each plot had an area of 5.0 m×4.0 m， and placed with 40 plants according to a planting spacing of 0.5 m×1.0 m.
Seedlings were raised in medium. The seedlings were planted in field on March 2， 2015， and sampled on April 18. Conventional field management was adopted.
Yield determination and fruit quality analysis
Yield determination： Six watermelons were randomly selected from each treatment and weighed for weight of single melon， and the number of watermelons was investigated. The total yield was calculated according to the number of watermelons and weight of single melon.
Quality determination： Watermelons with uniform appearance and size were selected for analysis of fruit quality. Vc content was determined by 2，6dicholroindophenol titrimetry[15]; total sugar content was determined with a handheld refractometer; crude protein content was determined according to Kjeldahl determination[16]; and nitrate was determined by salicylate nitration method[17].
Data analysis
The Experimental data were analyzed with Excel and SPSS.
Results and Analysis
Effects of different WSFs on botanical characteristics of watermelon
Treatments A and B fruited at the 12th node， which was lower than the CK by 2 nodes. Treatment C fruited at the 13rd node， which was lower than the CK by 1 node. Treatment B had the maximum leaf length of 25.6 cm， which was longer than the CK by 3.3 cm， with a significant difference. The maximum leaf lengths of treatments A and C were， respectively， 24.2 and 23.5 cm， which were 1.9 and 1.2 cm longer than the CK， respectively. The growth vigor of treatments B and C was stronger than that of the CK relatively. As to cracking resistance， the four treatments were all resistant （Table 1）. The comparison of the three WSF treatments showed that treatment B performed the best in botanical characteristics. Effects of different WSFs on disease resistance in watermelon
At expanding stage of watermelon fruit， the incidences of Fusarium wilt， Mycosphaerlla melonis and Colletotrichum lagenarium were investigated （Table 2）. The results showed that conventional fertilization showed the incidences of all the three diseases higher than WSF treatments， and among then， the incidence of C. lagenarium was the highest， of 50.0%. Treatments A， B and C had the incidences of F. wilt all of 5.0%; treatments A and C showed the incidences of M. melonis both of 15.0%， and treatment B exhibited the incidence of M. melonis of 10%; and treatments A， B and C had the incidences of C. lagenarium of 35.0%， 32.5% and 30.0%， respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidences of F. wilt， M. melonis and C. lagenarium.
Effects of different WSFs on watermelon yield
Compared with the CK， treatments A， B and C all showed increased weight of single melon and yield （Table 3）. Among them， treatment C exhibited the largest weight of single melon， of 1.36 kg， which was 0.05 kg heavier than the CK， without a significant difference. Treatments A and B both exhibited the weight of single melon of 1.34 kg， which was higher than the CK by 0.03 kg. Treatment C had the highest yield， reaching 2 198.2 kg/667 m 2， which was higher than the CK by 8.40%， without a significant difference. Treatments A and B had the yields， respectively， of 2 145.6 and 2 187 kg/667 m 2， which was higher than the CK of 5.81% and 7.87%， respectively. Treatment C performed best in weight of single melon and yield， but had no significant differences from treatment B. Therefore， treatments A and B both could serve as the formula of WSF for watermelon.
Effects of different WSFs on watermelon quality
Compared with the CK， every treatment could improve soluble sugar， Vc and protein contents in watermelon fruit and reduce nitrate content in watermelon fruit. Among them， treatment B had the highest total sugar content， which reached 11.7% in the center and 9.6% at the edge， which were 0.9% and 1.2% higher than the CK， respectively， with significant differences. Treatments A and C both showed an increased total sugar content， with a significant difference. Treatment B had the highest Vc content， of 3.49 mg/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.34 mg/100 g， with a significant difference. Treatments A and C exhibited the Vc contents， respectively， of 3.36 and 3.21 mg/100 g， which were higher than the CK by 0.21 and 0.07 mg/100 g， respectively. Treatment A had the highest protein content of 0.94 g/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.08 g/100 g， without a significant difference. Treatment B had a protein content next to it， of 0.92 g/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.06 g/100 g. Treatment C exhibited a protein content of 0.89 g/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.03 g/100 g. Treatment B had the lowest nitrate content of 426.3 μg/100 g， which was lower than the CK by 121.9 μg/100 g， with a significant difference. Treatment A exhibited a nitrate content of 435.8 μg/100 g， which was lower than the CK by 121.9 μg/100 g， with a significant difference. Treatment C showed a nitrate content of 512.3 μg/100 g， which was lower than the CK by 35.9 μg/100 g， without a significant difference （Table 4）. The comparison of total sugar， Vc， protein and nitrate contents suggested that watermelons in treatment A and B had better quality. Effects of different WSFs on economic benefit
Compared with chemical fertilizer， the application rate of WSFs was reduced， but the total cost was higher than the ternary compound fertilizer. The fertilizers of treatments A， B and C had cost 96， 100 and 130 Yuan/667 m 2 more. According to the average price of watermelon at 4 Yuan/kg， compared with the CK， treatments A， B and C had their income increased by 471.2， 638.4 and 681.6 Yuan/667 m 2， respectively， and among them， treatment C had the highest net increase of income of 551.6 Yuan/667 m 2 （Table 5）. It could be seen from economic benefit analysis that treatments B and C were better.
Agricultural Biotechnology2018
Conclusions and Discussion
Integration of water and fertilizer is a kind of technology combining irrigation and fertilization， which is widely applied in vegetable production. Different vegetable crops have different fertilizer requirement laws and require different WSF formulas. In watermelon production， experts have conducted studies on WSF formulas for different areas. Jiang et al.[10] carried out a comparative test on the fertilization effects of six watermelon waterflush fertilizer formulas， and found that NP2O5K2O=24620 achieved the highest watermelon yield and benefit， and could serve as the WSF formula for watermelon under wheatwatermelon interplanting cultivation in Banqiao Town， Taikang County. Yang et al.[14] studied the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on watermelon growth， yield and fruit quality under greenhouse drip fertigation in northwest arid area. The results showed that under the fertilizer condition， N： 163.05 kg/hm 2 + P2O5： 66.85 kg/hm 2 + K2O： 202.18 kg/hm 2， watermelon yield was higher， and the mass fractions of soluble solid， total soluble sugar， Vc， soluble protein and lycopene were also higher. Chen et al.[5] conducted a fertilizer efficiency test of highconcentration waterflush fertilizer Aishide special for watermelon in Ningbo City， Zhejiang Province， and the results showed that the watermelon applied with Aishide had increased yield， high sugar degree and good taste. Gao et al.[6] carried out a fertilizer efficiency test of seaweed waterflush fertilizer on watermelon， and found that applying the seaweed waterflush fertilizer could improve watermelon yield by 10% and significantly improved sugar content and Vc content in watermelon. Zu [12] evaluated the effects of four special drip irrigation fertilizers in Daxing District， Beijing City， and found that they exhibited good efficiency in watermelon yield， quality and growth vigor. Liu et al.[13] studied the effects of chitosan WSF on watermelon growth and yield through a greenhouse test in Daxing District， Beijing City， and the results showed that applying chitosan WSF could significantly improve watermelon yield and increase watermelon sugar degree. Yin et al.[9] found from their study in Dongming County， Heze City， Shandong Province that compared with conventional fertilization， applying biological organic waterflush fertilizer could improve yield by 11%， and exhibited higher soluble sugar， soluble solid and Vc contents but significantly lower nitrate nitrogen content. Experts conducted watermelon planting experiments in different areas using different WSFs， and found that applying WSF could increase watermelon yield and improve quality， which accords with the results in the present study. Different WSFs differ in nutrient contents， and also show different effects on watermelon yield and quality. In this study， the effects of three different WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were compared. Specifically， NovaTec WSF （treatment C） remarkably improved watermelon yield， by 8.4%， and showed a net increase of income of 551.6 Yuan/667 m 2; Fahai·Jiabao WSF （treatment B） improved the yield by 7.87% compared with the CK， and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 Yuan/667 m 2 without a significant difference from treatment C， and it could significantly improve soluble sugar， Vc and protein contents， and could effectively reduce nitrate content. Comprehensively from yield， disease resistance， quality and economic benefit index， Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer， and has the market prospect of largearea application and extension.
References
[1] YANG YT， WU JX. Market analysis and development trend of watermelon and melon in 2013[J]. Journal of Changjiang Vegetables， 2014（17）： 1-6. （in Chinese）
[2] WANG JM. Development status and market prospect of water soluble fertilizer[J]. Shanghai Chemical Industry， 2011， 36（12）： 27-31. （in Chinese）
[3] JIA WH. Influence of different new fertilizer on yield and quality of mini watermelon in greenhouse[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2015（6）： 47-50. （in Chinese）
[4] ZHANG BD. Effects of different fertilizers on yield and quality of watermelons under drip irrigation[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2011， 24（6）： 17-19. （in Chinese）
[5] CHEN SJ， PAN SN， JIN WX. Effects of melonspecial waterflush fertilizer Aishide on watermelon growth， yield and quality[J]. Shanghai Vegetables， 2009（2）： 81-82. （in Chinese）
[6] GAO CG， FAN CL， ZHANG XL， et al. Study of seaweed irrigation fertilizer on yield and quality of watermelon[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences， 2013（6）： 2450-2451. （in Chinese）
[7] YANG JX， WANG WJ， YANG BB. Primary experiment on application effects of several fertilizers on watermelon[J]. Shanghai Vegetables， 2011（5）： 65-66. （in Chinese）
[8] SUN FP， ZU JL. Test of different fertilization for watermelon production in autumn[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2014， 27（6）： 44-46. （in Chinese）
[9] YIN HJ， YUAN BQ， GAO HW， et al. Effects of bioorganic watering manure on growth and fruit quality of field watermelon[J]. Northern Horticulture， 2008（12）： 28-31. （in Chinese） [10] JIANG XF， HUANG YB， ZHUANG QJ， et al. Experimental study on effects of waterflush fertilizers on watermelon[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology， 2015（7）： 94-95. （in Chinese）
[11] ZHOU Z， SUN Y， et al. Application test of different waterflush fertilizers on watermelon[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology， 2007（5）： 42-42. （in Chinese）
[12] ZU JL. Test of different water flush fertilizers in watermelon production in autumn[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2014（6）： 44-46. （in Chinese）
[13] LIU JP， LI T， TAN XD， et al. Effect of applying watersoluble chitosan fertilizer on the growth and yields of watermelon[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences， 2014（6）：81-85. （in Chinese）
[14] YANG XZ， ZHANG X， MA JX， et al. Effects of drip fertigation on growth， yield and quality of watermelon in plastic greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering， 2014， 30（7）：109-118. （in Chinese）
[15] GB/T6195. Determination of vitamin C in vegetables and fruits （2， 6dichloroindophenol titration method）[S]. Diss. 1986. （in Chinese）
[16] MA D. Kjeldahl determination of protein content[J]. Metrology & Measurement Technique， 2008， 35（6）： 57-58. （in Chinese）
[17] YU LH. Study on Fast Determination method of nitrate nitrogen and nitrate pollution evaluate in vegetable[D]. Changchun： Jilin Agricultural University， 2005. （in Chinese）
[Methods] The effects of three WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were studied.
[Results]Fahai·Jiabao WSF improved watermelon yield by 7.87% compared with the CK， and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 yuan/667 m 2. And it could significantly improve soluble sugar， Vc and protein contents， and could effectively reduce nitrate content.
[Conclusions] Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer， and has the market prospect of largearea application and extension.
Key words Watermelon; Watersoluble fertilizer; Screening
Watermelon （Citrullus lanatus） is an annual vine belonging to Citrullus of Cucurbitaceae， native to Africa. Its planting area and yield rank the fourth among the ten major fruits in the world， and its planting area in China accounts for 60% of the total area in the world[1]. In the production process of watermelon， the selected fertilizer and its quality directly influence the quality and yield of watermelon. Water soluble fertilizer （WSF） has the advantages of good water solubility， no residue， easy absorption and balanced nutrient elements， and could be applied with agricultural facilities for spray irrigation and drop irrigation， thereby realizing integration of water and fertilizer and achieving the effect of saving fertilizer and labor. Therefore， It is more and more applied to the production of watermelon[2]. There are a variety of WSFs on the market， and screening tests of WSFs for watermelon have been conducted in different areas[3-14]， but they are different in quality and effect and could not provide efficient costsaving WSF formulas for watermelon production. Therefore， in this study， with three highquality WSFs common in market as experimental materials， the efficiency of fertilizers on watermelon in integration of water and fertilizer on watermelon was tested， so as to provide reference for application of suitable WSFs in watermelon cultivation in Hainan areas.
Materials and Methods
Experimental materials
The tested watermelon variety was Qiongli （mini watermelon）， which was provided by Tropical Crops Genetic Resources Institute， Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences. The test was carried out in the Eight Team Test Base of Baodao New Village， Danzhou City， Hainan Province. The soil has low fertility and a pH value of 5.16 with a depth of 0-20 cm， and contains organic matter 27.63 g/kg， total nitrogen 1.32 g/kg， available phosphorus 12.45 mg/kg and available potassium 38.29 mg/kg. The test used following fertilizers： ternary compound fertilizer （151515） produced by Yara International， Fahai·Jiabao （N： 12%， P2O5： 5%， K2O： 42%） produced by ICL corporate， instant NovaTec WSF （N： 14%， P2O5： 8%， K2O： 30%） produced by Germany COMPO， and Jishifeng organic fertilizer （N+P2O5+K2O≥5%， organic matter≥45%） and Jiaheyuan WSF （N： 20%， P2O5： 10%， K2O： 30%） produced by Weifang GBW Biotechnology Co.， Ltd.
Experimental design
The test was carried out from March to June 2015. Four treatments were designed in total， including three WSF treatments， i.e.， Jiaheyuan WSF （A）， Fahai·Jiabao WSF （B） and instant NovaTec WSF （C） and one control （ternary compound fertilizer， CK）.
Jishifeng organic matter was bottom applied during field preparation before bed formation at a rate of 500 kg/667 m 2. The three WSFs were all applied at a rate of 8 kg/667 m 2， once every 7-10 d， for 10 times in total during the growth period. The CK was applied at a rate of 10 kg/667 m 2， once 7-10 d， for 12 times in total during the growth period. The test adopted randomized block design， with three replicates. Each plot had an area of 5.0 m×4.0 m， and placed with 40 plants according to a planting spacing of 0.5 m×1.0 m.
Seedlings were raised in medium. The seedlings were planted in field on March 2， 2015， and sampled on April 18. Conventional field management was adopted.
Yield determination and fruit quality analysis
Yield determination： Six watermelons were randomly selected from each treatment and weighed for weight of single melon， and the number of watermelons was investigated. The total yield was calculated according to the number of watermelons and weight of single melon.
Quality determination： Watermelons with uniform appearance and size were selected for analysis of fruit quality. Vc content was determined by 2，6dicholroindophenol titrimetry[15]; total sugar content was determined with a handheld refractometer; crude protein content was determined according to Kjeldahl determination[16]; and nitrate was determined by salicylate nitration method[17].
Data analysis
The Experimental data were analyzed with Excel and SPSS.
Results and Analysis
Effects of different WSFs on botanical characteristics of watermelon
Treatments A and B fruited at the 12th node， which was lower than the CK by 2 nodes. Treatment C fruited at the 13rd node， which was lower than the CK by 1 node. Treatment B had the maximum leaf length of 25.6 cm， which was longer than the CK by 3.3 cm， with a significant difference. The maximum leaf lengths of treatments A and C were， respectively， 24.2 and 23.5 cm， which were 1.9 and 1.2 cm longer than the CK， respectively. The growth vigor of treatments B and C was stronger than that of the CK relatively. As to cracking resistance， the four treatments were all resistant （Table 1）. The comparison of the three WSF treatments showed that treatment B performed the best in botanical characteristics. Effects of different WSFs on disease resistance in watermelon
At expanding stage of watermelon fruit， the incidences of Fusarium wilt， Mycosphaerlla melonis and Colletotrichum lagenarium were investigated （Table 2）. The results showed that conventional fertilization showed the incidences of all the three diseases higher than WSF treatments， and among then， the incidence of C. lagenarium was the highest， of 50.0%. Treatments A， B and C had the incidences of F. wilt all of 5.0%; treatments A and C showed the incidences of M. melonis both of 15.0%， and treatment B exhibited the incidence of M. melonis of 10%; and treatments A， B and C had the incidences of C. lagenarium of 35.0%， 32.5% and 30.0%， respectively. There were no significant differences in the incidences of F. wilt， M. melonis and C. lagenarium.
Effects of different WSFs on watermelon yield
Compared with the CK， treatments A， B and C all showed increased weight of single melon and yield （Table 3）. Among them， treatment C exhibited the largest weight of single melon， of 1.36 kg， which was 0.05 kg heavier than the CK， without a significant difference. Treatments A and B both exhibited the weight of single melon of 1.34 kg， which was higher than the CK by 0.03 kg. Treatment C had the highest yield， reaching 2 198.2 kg/667 m 2， which was higher than the CK by 8.40%， without a significant difference. Treatments A and B had the yields， respectively， of 2 145.6 and 2 187 kg/667 m 2， which was higher than the CK of 5.81% and 7.87%， respectively. Treatment C performed best in weight of single melon and yield， but had no significant differences from treatment B. Therefore， treatments A and B both could serve as the formula of WSF for watermelon.
Effects of different WSFs on watermelon quality
Compared with the CK， every treatment could improve soluble sugar， Vc and protein contents in watermelon fruit and reduce nitrate content in watermelon fruit. Among them， treatment B had the highest total sugar content， which reached 11.7% in the center and 9.6% at the edge， which were 0.9% and 1.2% higher than the CK， respectively， with significant differences. Treatments A and C both showed an increased total sugar content， with a significant difference. Treatment B had the highest Vc content， of 3.49 mg/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.34 mg/100 g， with a significant difference. Treatments A and C exhibited the Vc contents， respectively， of 3.36 and 3.21 mg/100 g， which were higher than the CK by 0.21 and 0.07 mg/100 g， respectively. Treatment A had the highest protein content of 0.94 g/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.08 g/100 g， without a significant difference. Treatment B had a protein content next to it， of 0.92 g/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.06 g/100 g. Treatment C exhibited a protein content of 0.89 g/100 g， which was higher than the CK by 0.03 g/100 g. Treatment B had the lowest nitrate content of 426.3 μg/100 g， which was lower than the CK by 121.9 μg/100 g， with a significant difference. Treatment A exhibited a nitrate content of 435.8 μg/100 g， which was lower than the CK by 121.9 μg/100 g， with a significant difference. Treatment C showed a nitrate content of 512.3 μg/100 g， which was lower than the CK by 35.9 μg/100 g， without a significant difference （Table 4）. The comparison of total sugar， Vc， protein and nitrate contents suggested that watermelons in treatment A and B had better quality. Effects of different WSFs on economic benefit
Compared with chemical fertilizer， the application rate of WSFs was reduced， but the total cost was higher than the ternary compound fertilizer. The fertilizers of treatments A， B and C had cost 96， 100 and 130 Yuan/667 m 2 more. According to the average price of watermelon at 4 Yuan/kg， compared with the CK， treatments A， B and C had their income increased by 471.2， 638.4 and 681.6 Yuan/667 m 2， respectively， and among them， treatment C had the highest net increase of income of 551.6 Yuan/667 m 2 （Table 5）. It could be seen from economic benefit analysis that treatments B and C were better.
Agricultural Biotechnology2018
Conclusions and Discussion
Integration of water and fertilizer is a kind of technology combining irrigation and fertilization， which is widely applied in vegetable production. Different vegetable crops have different fertilizer requirement laws and require different WSF formulas. In watermelon production， experts have conducted studies on WSF formulas for different areas. Jiang et al.[10] carried out a comparative test on the fertilization effects of six watermelon waterflush fertilizer formulas， and found that NP2O5K2O=24620 achieved the highest watermelon yield and benefit， and could serve as the WSF formula for watermelon under wheatwatermelon interplanting cultivation in Banqiao Town， Taikang County. Yang et al.[14] studied the effects of different water and fertilizer combinations on watermelon growth， yield and fruit quality under greenhouse drip fertigation in northwest arid area. The results showed that under the fertilizer condition， N： 163.05 kg/hm 2 + P2O5： 66.85 kg/hm 2 + K2O： 202.18 kg/hm 2， watermelon yield was higher， and the mass fractions of soluble solid， total soluble sugar， Vc， soluble protein and lycopene were also higher. Chen et al.[5] conducted a fertilizer efficiency test of highconcentration waterflush fertilizer Aishide special for watermelon in Ningbo City， Zhejiang Province， and the results showed that the watermelon applied with Aishide had increased yield， high sugar degree and good taste. Gao et al.[6] carried out a fertilizer efficiency test of seaweed waterflush fertilizer on watermelon， and found that applying the seaweed waterflush fertilizer could improve watermelon yield by 10% and significantly improved sugar content and Vc content in watermelon. Zu [12] evaluated the effects of four special drip irrigation fertilizers in Daxing District， Beijing City， and found that they exhibited good efficiency in watermelon yield， quality and growth vigor. Liu et al.[13] studied the effects of chitosan WSF on watermelon growth and yield through a greenhouse test in Daxing District， Beijing City， and the results showed that applying chitosan WSF could significantly improve watermelon yield and increase watermelon sugar degree. Yin et al.[9] found from their study in Dongming County， Heze City， Shandong Province that compared with conventional fertilization， applying biological organic waterflush fertilizer could improve yield by 11%， and exhibited higher soluble sugar， soluble solid and Vc contents but significantly lower nitrate nitrogen content. Experts conducted watermelon planting experiments in different areas using different WSFs， and found that applying WSF could increase watermelon yield and improve quality， which accords with the results in the present study. Different WSFs differ in nutrient contents， and also show different effects on watermelon yield and quality. In this study， the effects of three different WSFs on watermelon yield and quality were compared. Specifically， NovaTec WSF （treatment C） remarkably improved watermelon yield， by 8.4%， and showed a net increase of income of 551.6 Yuan/667 m 2; Fahai·Jiabao WSF （treatment B） improved the yield by 7.87% compared with the CK， and showed a net increase of income of 538.4 Yuan/667 m 2 without a significant difference from treatment C， and it could significantly improve soluble sugar， Vc and protein contents， and could effectively reduce nitrate content. Comprehensively from yield， disease resistance， quality and economic benefit index， Fahai·Jiabao WSF is the optimal WSF for integration of water and fertilizer， and has the market prospect of largearea application and extension.
References
[1] YANG YT， WU JX. Market analysis and development trend of watermelon and melon in 2013[J]. Journal of Changjiang Vegetables， 2014（17）： 1-6. （in Chinese）
[2] WANG JM. Development status and market prospect of water soluble fertilizer[J]. Shanghai Chemical Industry， 2011， 36（12）： 27-31. （in Chinese）
[3] JIA WH. Influence of different new fertilizer on yield and quality of mini watermelon in greenhouse[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2015（6）： 47-50. （in Chinese）
[4] ZHANG BD. Effects of different fertilizers on yield and quality of watermelons under drip irrigation[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2011， 24（6）： 17-19. （in Chinese）
[5] CHEN SJ， PAN SN， JIN WX. Effects of melonspecial waterflush fertilizer Aishide on watermelon growth， yield and quality[J]. Shanghai Vegetables， 2009（2）： 81-82. （in Chinese）
[6] GAO CG， FAN CL， ZHANG XL， et al. Study of seaweed irrigation fertilizer on yield and quality of watermelon[J]. Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences， 2013（6）： 2450-2451. （in Chinese）
[7] YANG JX， WANG WJ， YANG BB. Primary experiment on application effects of several fertilizers on watermelon[J]. Shanghai Vegetables， 2011（5）： 65-66. （in Chinese）
[8] SUN FP， ZU JL. Test of different fertilization for watermelon production in autumn[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2014， 27（6）： 44-46. （in Chinese）
[9] YIN HJ， YUAN BQ， GAO HW， et al. Effects of bioorganic watering manure on growth and fruit quality of field watermelon[J]. Northern Horticulture， 2008（12）： 28-31. （in Chinese） [10] JIANG XF， HUANG YB， ZHUANG QJ， et al. Experimental study on effects of waterflush fertilizers on watermelon[J]. Bulletin of Agricultural Science and Technology， 2015（7）： 94-95. （in Chinese）
[11] ZHOU Z， SUN Y， et al. Application test of different waterflush fertilizers on watermelon[J]. Xinjiang Agricultural Science and Technology， 2007（5）： 42-42. （in Chinese）
[12] ZU JL. Test of different water flush fertilizers in watermelon production in autumn[J]. China Cucurbits and Vegetables， 2014（6）： 44-46. （in Chinese）
[13] LIU JP， LI T， TAN XD， et al. Effect of applying watersoluble chitosan fertilizer on the growth and yields of watermelon[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences， 2014（6）：81-85. （in Chinese）
[14] YANG XZ， ZHANG X， MA JX， et al. Effects of drip fertigation on growth， yield and quality of watermelon in plastic greenhouse[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering， 2014， 30（7）：109-118. （in Chinese）
[15] GB/T6195. Determination of vitamin C in vegetables and fruits （2， 6dichloroindophenol titration method）[S]. Diss. 1986. （in Chinese）
[16] MA D. Kjeldahl determination of protein content[J]. Metrology & Measurement Technique， 2008， 35（6）： 57-58. （in Chinese）
[17] YU LH. Study on Fast Determination method of nitrate nitrogen and nitrate pollution evaluate in vegetable[D]. Changchun： Jilin Agricultural University， 2005. （in Chinese）