目的 :探讨原发性气管肿瘤的诊断与外科治疗问题。方法 :分析 11例气管肿瘤的临床资料 ,其中 9例为手术病例 ,行气管开窗取瘤术 2例 ,气管侧壁切除肌瓣填塞修补术 1例 ,气管环行切除对端吻合术 6例。结果 :本组病例早期全部误诊 ,误诊时间 3个月～ 2年 ,手术病人均术后恢复顺利 ,无手术死亡 ,无切口感染及呼吸、循环系统严重并发症 ,随访 1～ 5年 ,4例良性肿瘤病人均存活 ,5例恶性肿瘤病人手术切除者术后生存 5年以上 1例 ,1～ 3年 2例 ,死亡 2例。结论 :应提高临床医师对原发性气管肿瘤的认识 ,外科手术治疗是提高气管肿瘤病人生存率的有效方法 Objective: To investigate the diagnosis and surgical treatment of primary tracheal tumor. Methods: The clinical data of 11 cases of tracheal tumor were analyzed. Among them, 9 cases were operation cases, 2 cases were tracheotomy, 1 case was treated by tracheal resection of myocutaneous flap, 6 cases were treated by tracheotomy. Results: All patients were misdiagnosed in the early stage and the time of misdiagnosis was 3 months to 2 years. All the patients recovered smoothly after surgery, without surgical death, no incision infection and serious complications of respiration and circulatory system. The patients were followed up for 1 to 5 years and 4 All benign tumor patients survived. Surgical resection in 5 patients with malignant tumor survived for more than 5 years in 1 case, 1 to 3 years in 2 cases and 2 died. Conclusion: Clinicians should be aware of the primary tracheal tumor, surgical treatment is an effective way to improve the survival rate of patients with tracheal tumor