论文部分内容阅读
“最佳标题”题是深层理解题,要求同学们在通读全文的基础上,认真分析文章大意及作者的写作意图。以下是解答此类题目的几种思路。
一、关注被反复提及的信息
在阅读文章时,要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息,找出覆盖全文的核心词汇,看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题,也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。
例1What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Joy of DIY
B. You Can Do It Yourself
C. Welcome to Our DIY Courses
D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY
解析: 原文的首句是As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-
it-yourself”(DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow。末段倒数第二句是:If you want to become a“do-it- yourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. 因此,从“DIY trend”被反复提及的情况来看,可知该文的中心论题是DIY正在兴起。其余部分是John Ross 和Jim Hatfield两个“DIY”的实例,所以“You Can Do It Yourself”最适合作文章的标题。答案为B。
二、寻找文章的主题句
“选择最佳标题”与“概括文章的主题”在解题技法上有一定的相似之处,它们都要求找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末段或文章的某一段落。如果每个段落都有主题句,那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来,即为全文的主题句。
例2The subject in this text is——————.
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
解析: 文章的首句是Decision- thinking is unlike thinking—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think,该句直接表达了全文的中心论题,即“人们作出决策的思维过程”,这就是全文的主题句。答案为A。
三、概括文章的主题
要把握文章主旨,就必须根据具体的语言环境、陈述内容的逻辑关系(文章的结构)、上下文的连贯意思及文中有关暗示来理解文章的深层含义。
例3Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences Between Modern and Premodern Parents
解析: 文章在首段提出一个重要论点,随后在各段从不同角度进一步阐述。这样我们可以找出首段的中心句,再将其和各段第一句串联在一起,就可以得出文章的中心思想。
第一段: Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.
第二段: One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year...
第三段: A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing...
从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出,这篇文章的标题应该是B: Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment。
四、运用逆向思维法
在寻找最佳标题遇到困难时,同学们不妨从各个选项入手思考一下:“如果我是作者,遇到这样的标题,会怎样写这篇文章?”
例4What would be the best title for the text?
A. A Cross-Country Trip
B. A Special Border Pass
C. An Unguarded Border
D. An Expensive Church Visit
解析:如果标题是A: A Cross-Country Trip,那么文章应该讲述一次出境旅行;如果标题是A Special Border Pass,那么文章应该着重讲一张特殊的边境通行证;如果标题是An Unguarded Border,那么文章应该侧重讲边境如何不设防;如果标题是An Expensive Church Visit,那么文章应该讲一次礼拜的花费如何昂贵了。经过这样的逆向思维,我们不难发现文章的内容恰好与标题An Expensive Church Visit一致,因此应该选D。
【小结】 标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。要准确地把握文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾,要抓住文中具有概括性的信息,从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文。
有的文章一开始就亮出主题,全文随着主题而展开。有些文章的主题句并不明显,需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思,了解文章的背景知识和结构,推断作者的意图或态度,从整体上把握文章的主旨,从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置、主次不分、以点代面、以偏概全等,这样才能排除干扰项的干扰,选出正确的答案。
有些干扰项,从局部看也许不算错,但从全局看却又片面了。这类干扰项与正确答案之差别,其实是局部与全局之差别。同学们在做题时不要为局部现象(即细节)迷惑,而忽略了文章的整体思想。
一、关注被反复提及的信息
在阅读文章时,要注意文章中反复出现或强调的信息,找出覆盖全文的核心词汇,看选项内容是否切中文章的中心论题,也就是要看选项内容与作者的写作目的是否一致。
例1What would be the best title for the text?
A. The Joy of DIY
B. You Can Do It Yourself
C. Welcome to Our DIY Courses
D. Ross and Hatfield: Believers in DIY
解析: 原文的首句是As prices and building costs keep rising, the “do-
it-yourself”(DIY) trend in the U.S. continues to grow。末段倒数第二句是:If you want to become a“do-it- yourselfer”, you can go to DIY classes. 因此,从“DIY trend”被反复提及的情况来看,可知该文的中心论题是DIY正在兴起。其余部分是John Ross 和Jim Hatfield两个“DIY”的实例,所以“You Can Do It Yourself”最适合作文章的标题。答案为B。
二、寻找文章的主题句
“选择最佳标题”与“概括文章的主题”在解题技法上有一定的相似之处,它们都要求找到全文的主题句。主题句通常在文章首段,但是也可能在文章的末段或文章的某一段落。如果每个段落都有主题句,那么把各段落的主题句的中心思想集中起来,即为全文的主题句。
例2The subject in this text is——————.
A. the process of reaching decisions
B. the difference between poker and chess
C. the secret of making good business plans
D. the value of information in winning games
解析: 文章的首句是Decision- thinking is unlike thinking—it often matters not only what you think, but also what others think you think and what you think they think you think,该句直接表达了全文的中心论题,即“人们作出决策的思维过程”,这就是全文的主题句。答案为A。
三、概括文章的主题
要把握文章主旨,就必须根据具体的语言环境、陈述内容的逻辑关系(文章的结构)、上下文的连贯意思及文中有关暗示来理解文章的深层含义。
例3Which is the best title for the passage?
A. Societal Conditions in Premodern Times
B. Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment
C. Poor Health Service and High Infant Death Rate
D. Differences Between Modern and Premodern Parents
解析: 文章在首段提出一个重要论点,随后在各段从不同角度进一步阐述。这样我们可以找出首段的中心句,再将其和各段第一句串联在一起,就可以得出文章的中心思想。
第一段: Perhaps to prevent the sadness that infant death caused, a number of societal practices developed which worked against early attachment of mother and child.
第二段: One of these premodern attachment-discouraging practices was to leave infants unnamed until they had survived into the second year...
第三段: A third practice which had the same distancing effect was wet-nursing...
从第一段的中心句和各段的第一句不难看出,这篇文章的标题应该是B: Practices of Reducing Maternal Attachment。
四、运用逆向思维法
在寻找最佳标题遇到困难时,同学们不妨从各个选项入手思考一下:“如果我是作者,遇到这样的标题,会怎样写这篇文章?”
例4What would be the best title for the text?
A. A Cross-Country Trip
B. A Special Border Pass
C. An Unguarded Border
D. An Expensive Church Visit
解析:如果标题是A: A Cross-Country Trip,那么文章应该讲述一次出境旅行;如果标题是A Special Border Pass,那么文章应该着重讲一张特殊的边境通行证;如果标题是An Unguarded Border,那么文章应该侧重讲边境如何不设防;如果标题是An Expensive Church Visit,那么文章应该讲一次礼拜的花费如何昂贵了。经过这样的逆向思维,我们不难发现文章的内容恰好与标题An Expensive Church Visit一致,因此应该选D。
【小结】 标题实际上是文章主题的一种确认方式。要准确地把握文章的主题思想,就要十分留意文章的开头和结尾,要抓住文中具有概括性的信息,从上下文连贯的意思来理解全文。
有的文章一开始就亮出主题,全文随着主题而展开。有些文章的主题句并不明显,需要我们仔细体会字里行间的意思,了解文章的背景知识和结构,推断作者的意图或态度,从整体上把握文章的主旨,从全局的角度归纳概括出文章的标题。要防止本末倒置、主次不分、以点代面、以偏概全等,这样才能排除干扰项的干扰,选出正确的答案。
有些干扰项,从局部看也许不算错,但从全局看却又片面了。这类干扰项与正确答案之差别,其实是局部与全局之差别。同学们在做题时不要为局部现象(即细节)迷惑,而忽略了文章的整体思想。