本世纪四十年代以来,人类社会在科学技术的发展上出现了重大突破,集中表现在原子能工业、电子计算机和宇宙空间技术的迅速发展上。到了七十年代,以信息产业为标志,包括微电子技术、遗传工程、激光技术等新产业群体的兴起,使现代科技进入了一个崭新的阶段。这次技术革命不同于以往只靠扩大劳动力投入和大量消耗能源,而是依赖人的智力并减少资源消耗而提高劳动生产率。这场革命对整个人类社会产生了前所未有的影响,也不可避免地渗透到管理领域,对现代管理提出了新的要求。电子计算机在管理中的广泛应用,无情地冲击了常规管理。管 Since the 1940s of this century, human society has made major breakthroughs in the development of science and technology, focusing on the rapid development of the atomic energy industry, electronic computers, and space technology. In the 1970s, with the information industry as a symbol, including the rise of new industrial groups such as microelectronics, genetic engineering, and laser technology, modern technology has entered a new stage. This technological revolution differs from the past in expanding labor input and consuming large amounts of energy. It is relying on human intelligence and reducing resource consumption to increase labor productivity. This revolution has had an unprecedented impact on the entire human society, and it has inevitably penetrated into the field of management, putting new demands on modern management. The widespread use of electronic computers in management has mercilessly impacted conventional management. tube