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目的对1997年-2012年吉林省推广修建的分集式厕所产生的健康效益、经济效益、社会效益进行评价。方法从无害化效果监测、健康效益评估、经济效益评估、社会效益评估4个方面展开。评估方法在参考相关文献的基础上,充分考虑实地调研中数据的真实性及可获得性。结果标准化的分集式厕所内的粪便,经过300 d左右的储存,粪大肠菌群、噬菌体、蛔虫卵死亡率、p H值等指标,能够符合《粪便无害化卫生标准》(GB 7959-1987);调查点粪口传播性疾病等疾病的发病率呈现逐年下降趋势;调查点农户改厕后农户健康知识知晓率提高了8.9%,健康知识态度得分总体提高了4.9%,农民卫生行为改变的效果也非常明显;受访农户中,患1次粪口传播性疾病,花费连同医疗成本及误工费在内的总费用为634元,每户年均节约肥料费用支出为153元。结论吉林省以修建分集式厕所为主的改厕工作决策正确,投资有效,管理规范,执行顺利,成绩显著,给当地带来了巨大的健康效益、经济效益、社会效益,为社会主义新农村建设,实现全面建设小康社会奠定了坚实的基础。
Objective To evaluate the health benefits, economic benefits and social benefits of diversified toilets promoted and built in Jilin Province from 1997 to 2012. Methods from the monitoring of innocent effects, health benefit assessment, economic evaluation, social benefit evaluation of four aspects. Evaluation method Based on the relevant literature, give full consideration to the authenticity and availability of the data in field research. Results The standardized droppings in the diversity toilets were able to comply with the standards of “Sanitation Standard of Stool” (GB 7959-1987) after about 300 d of storage, such as fecal coliform, phage, ascaris egg mortality and p H value. ). The incidence of diseases such as fecal oral disease survey showed a declining trend year by year. The awareness rate of farmers’ health knowledge at investigation points increased by 8.9%, health knowledge attitude overall increased by 4.9%, peasant health behavior changed The effect was also obvious. Among the surveyed households, the total cost of transporting manure-borne diseases, medical expenses and lost-work costs was 634 yuan per capita. The average annual expenditure on fertilizer was 153 yuan per household. Conclusions Jilin Province has made correct decision on toilet lavatories and has effective investment, standardized management and smooth implementation with remarkable achievements. It has brought tremendous health benefits, economic benefits and social benefits to the local community for the new socialist countryside Construction and realization of building an overall well-to-do society has laid a solid foundation.